52. Kiernan R, Brès V, Ng RWM, Coudart MP, El Messaoudi S, Sardet C, Jin DY, Emiliani S,
Benkirane M (2003) Post-activation turn-off of NF-κB-dependent transcription is regulated by
acetylation of p65. J Biol Chem 278:2758–2766. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M209572200
53. Chen L, Mu Y, Greene WC (2002) Acetylation of RelA at discrete sites regulates distinct
nuclear functions of NF-kappaB. EMBO J 21:6539–6548. https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/
cdf660
54. Chen L-F, Greene WC (2004) Shaping the nuclear action of NF-κB. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
5:392–401. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm1368
55. Rothgiesser KM, Fey M, Hottiger MO (2010) Acetylation of p65 at lysine 314 is important for
late NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression. BMC Genomics 11:22. https://doi.org/10.1186/
1471-2164-11-22
56. Vanden Berghe W, De Bosscher K, Plaisance S, Boone E, Haegeman G (1999) The nuclear
factor-kappa B engages CBP/p300 and histone acetyltransferase activity for transcriptional
activation of the interleukin-6 gene promoter. J Biol Chem 274:32091–32098
57. Chen X, Barozzi I, Termanini A, Prosperini E, Recchiuti A, Dalli J, Mietton F, Matteoli G,
Hiebert S, Natoli G (2012) Requirement for the histone deacetylase Hdac3 for the inflammatory gene expression program in macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:E2865–E2874.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1121131109
58. Busse WW, Rosenwasser LJ (2003) Mechanisms of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 111:
S799. https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2003.158
59. Papathanassiou E, Loukides S, Bakakos P (2016) Severe asthma: anti-IgE or anti-IL-5? Eur
Clin Respir J 3. https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v3.31813
60. Steinke J, Borish L (2001) Th2 cytokines and asthma Interleukin-4: its role in the pathogenesis
of asthma, and targeting it for asthma treatment with interleukin-4 receptor antagonists. Respir
Res 2:66–70
61. Brannan JD, Lougheed MD (2012) Airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma: mechanisms,
clinical significance, and treatment. Front Physiol 3:1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.
2012.00460
62. Ito K, Caramori G, Lim S, Oates T, Fan Chung K, Barnes PJ, Adcock IM (2002) Expression
and activity of histone deacetylases in human asthmatic airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med
166:392–396. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2110060
63. Cosío BG, Mann B, Ito K, Jazrawi E, Barnes PJ, Chung KF, Adcock IM (2004) Histone
acetylase and deacetylase activity in alveolar macrophages and blood mononocytes in asthma.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 170:141–147. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200305-659OC
64. Choi JH, Oh SW, Kang MS, Kwon HJ, Oh GT, Kim DY (2005) Trichostatin A attenuates
airway inflammation in mouse asthma model. Clin Exp Allergy 35:89–96. https://doi.org/10.
1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02006.x
65. Royce SG, Dang W, Yuan G, Tran J, El-Osta A, Karagiannis TC, Tang MLK (2012) Effects of
the histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin a, in a chronic allergic airways disease model in
mice. Arch Immunol Ther Exp 60:295–306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00005-012-0180-3
66. Toki S, Goleniewska K, Reiss S, Zhou W, Newcomb DC, Bloodworth MH, Stier MT, Boyd
KL, Polosukhin VV, Subramaniam S, Peebles RS (2016) The histone deacetylase inhibitor
trichostatin A suppresses murine innate allergic inflammation by blocking group 2 innate
lymphoid cell (ILC2) activation. Thorax 71:633–645. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015207728
67. Kankaanranta H, Janka-Junttila M, Ilmarinen-Salo P, Ito K, Jalonen U, Ito M, Adcock IM,
Moilanen E, Zhang X (2010) Histone deacetylase inhibitors induce apoptosis in human
eosinophils and neutrophils. J Inflamm 7:9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-9255-7-9
68. Banerjee A, Trivedi CM, Damera G, Jiang M, Jester W, Hoshi T, Epstein JA, Panettieri RA
(2012) Trichostatin A abrogates airway constriction, but not inflammation, in murine and
human asthma models. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 46:132–138. https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.
2010-0276OC
Acetylation and Methylation in Asthma, COPD, and Lung Cancer
449
Benkirane M (2003) Post-activation turn-off of NF-κB-dependent transcription is regulated by
acetylation of p65. J Biol Chem 278:2758–2766. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M209572200
53. Chen L, Mu Y, Greene WC (2002) Acetylation of RelA at discrete sites regulates distinct
nuclear functions of NF-kappaB. EMBO J 21:6539–6548. https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/
cdf660
54. Chen L-F, Greene WC (2004) Shaping the nuclear action of NF-κB. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
5:392–401. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm1368
55. Rothgiesser KM, Fey M, Hottiger MO (2010) Acetylation of p65 at lysine 314 is important for
late NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression. BMC Genomics 11:22. https://doi.org/10.1186/
1471-2164-11-22
56. Vanden Berghe W, De Bosscher K, Plaisance S, Boone E, Haegeman G (1999) The nuclear
factor-kappa B engages CBP/p300 and histone acetyltransferase activity for transcriptional
activation of the interleukin-6 gene promoter. J Biol Chem 274:32091–32098
57. Chen X, Barozzi I, Termanini A, Prosperini E, Recchiuti A, Dalli J, Mietton F, Matteoli G,
Hiebert S, Natoli G (2012) Requirement for the histone deacetylase Hdac3 for the inflammatory gene expression program in macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:E2865–E2874.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1121131109
58. Busse WW, Rosenwasser LJ (2003) Mechanisms of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 111:
S799. https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2003.158
59. Papathanassiou E, Loukides S, Bakakos P (2016) Severe asthma: anti-IgE or anti-IL-5? Eur
Clin Respir J 3. https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v3.31813
60. Steinke J, Borish L (2001) Th2 cytokines and asthma Interleukin-4: its role in the pathogenesis
of asthma, and targeting it for asthma treatment with interleukin-4 receptor antagonists. Respir
Res 2:66–70
61. Brannan JD, Lougheed MD (2012) Airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma: mechanisms,
clinical significance, and treatment. Front Physiol 3:1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.
2012.00460
62. Ito K, Caramori G, Lim S, Oates T, Fan Chung K, Barnes PJ, Adcock IM (2002) Expression
and activity of histone deacetylases in human asthmatic airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med
166:392–396. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2110060
63. Cosío BG, Mann B, Ito K, Jazrawi E, Barnes PJ, Chung KF, Adcock IM (2004) Histone
acetylase and deacetylase activity in alveolar macrophages and blood mononocytes in asthma.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 170:141–147. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200305-659OC
64. Choi JH, Oh SW, Kang MS, Kwon HJ, Oh GT, Kim DY (2005) Trichostatin A attenuates
airway inflammation in mouse asthma model. Clin Exp Allergy 35:89–96. https://doi.org/10.
1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02006.x
65. Royce SG, Dang W, Yuan G, Tran J, El-Osta A, Karagiannis TC, Tang MLK (2012) Effects of
the histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin a, in a chronic allergic airways disease model in
mice. Arch Immunol Ther Exp 60:295–306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00005-012-0180-3
66. Toki S, Goleniewska K, Reiss S, Zhou W, Newcomb DC, Bloodworth MH, Stier MT, Boyd
KL, Polosukhin VV, Subramaniam S, Peebles RS (2016) The histone deacetylase inhibitor
trichostatin A suppresses murine innate allergic inflammation by blocking group 2 innate
lymphoid cell (ILC2) activation. Thorax 71:633–645. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015207728
67. Kankaanranta H, Janka-Junttila M, Ilmarinen-Salo P, Ito K, Jalonen U, Ito M, Adcock IM,
Moilanen E, Zhang X (2010) Histone deacetylase inhibitors induce apoptosis in human
eosinophils and neutrophils. J Inflamm 7:9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-9255-7-9
68. Banerjee A, Trivedi CM, Damera G, Jiang M, Jester W, Hoshi T, Epstein JA, Panettieri RA
(2012) Trichostatin A abrogates airway constriction, but not inflammation, in murine and
human asthma models. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 46:132–138. https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.
2010-0276OC
Acetylation and Methylation in Asthma, COPD, and Lung Cancer
449