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37. Gutschner T, Hämmerle M, Eißmann M et al (2013) The noncoding RNA MALAT1 is a
critical regulator of the metastasis phenotype of lung cancer cells. Cancer Res 73:1180–1189.
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40. Huo Y, Li Q, Wang X et al (2017) MALAT1 predicts poor survival in osteosarcoma patients
and promotes cell metastasis through associating with EZH2. Oncotarget 8:46993–47006.
https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.16551
41. Young TL, Matsuda T, Cepko CL (2005) The noncoding RNA taurine upregulated gene 1 is
required for differentiation of the murine retina. Curr Biol 15:501–512. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.cub.2005.02.027
42. Zhang M, Lu W, Huang Y et al (2016) Downregulation of the long noncoding RNA TUG1
inhibits the proliferation, migration, invasion and promotes apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma.
J Mol Histol 47:421–428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735-016-9683-2
422
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lamina to enable chromosome-wide silencing. Science 354:468–472. https://doi.org/10.1126/
science.aae0047
26. Hacisuleyman E, Goff LA, Trapnell C et al (2014) Topological Organization of Multichromosomal Regions by Firre. Nat Struct Mol Biol 21:198–206. https://doi.org/10.1038/
nsmb.2764
27. Kornblihtt AR, Schor IE, Alló M et al (2013) Alternative splicing: a pivotal step between
eukaryotic transcription and translation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 14:153–165. https://doi.org/
10.1038/nrm3525
28. Luco RF, Misteli T (2011) More than a splicing code: integrating the role of RNA, chromatin
and non-coding RNA in alternative splicing regulation. Curr Opin Genet Dev 21:366–372.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2011.03.004
29. Tripathi V, Ellis JD, Shen Z et al (2010) The nuclear-retained noncoding RNA MALAT1
regulates alternative splicing by modulating SR splicing factor phosphorylation. Mol Cell
39:925–938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2010.08.011
30. Ishii N, Ozaki K, Sato H et al (2006) Identification of a novel non-coding RNA, MIAT, that
confers risk of myocardial infarction. J Hum Genet 51:1087–1099. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10038-006-0070-9
31. Tsuiji H, Yoshimoto R, Hasegawa Y et al (2011) Competition between a noncoding exon and
introns: Gomafu contains tandem UACUAAC repeats and associates with splicing factor-1.
Genes Cells 16:479–490. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2443.2011.01502.x
32. Ishizuka A, Hasegawa Y, Ishida K et al (2014) Formation of nuclear bodies by the lncRNA
Gomafu-associating proteins Celf3 and SF1. Genes Cells 19:704–721. https://doi.org/10.
1111/gtc.12169
33. Barry G, Briggs JA, Vanichkina DP et al (2014) The long non-coding RNA Gomafu is acutely
regulated in response to neuronal activation and involved in schizophrenia-associated alternative splicing. Mol Psychiatry 19:486–494. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2013.45
34. Salmena L, Poliseno L, Tay Y et al (2011) A ceRNA hypothesis: the Rosetta Stone of a hidden
RNA language? Cell 146:353–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.014
35. Gupta RA, Shah N, Wang KC et al (2010) Long noncoding RNA HOTAIR reprograms
chromatin state to promote cancer metastasis. Nature 464:1071–1076. https://doi.org/10.
1038/nature08975
36. Ji P, Diederichs S, Wang W et al (2003) MALAT-1, a novel noncoding RNA, and thymosin
b4 predict metastasis and survival in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene
22:8031–8041. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1206928
37. Gutschner T, Hämmerle M, Eißmann M et al (2013) The noncoding RNA MALAT1 is a
critical regulator of the metastasis phenotype of lung cancer cells. Cancer Res 73:1180–1189.
https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2850
38. Fan Y, Shen B, Tan M et al (2014) TGF-b-induced upregulation of malat1 promotes bladder
cancer metastasis by associating with suz12. Clin Cancer Res 20:1531–1541. https://doi.org/
10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-1455
39. Hirata H, Hinoda Y, Shahryari V et al (2015) Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 promotes
aggressive renal cell carcinoma through Ezh2 and interacts with miR-205. Cancer Res
75:1322–1331. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-2931
40. Huo Y, Li Q, Wang X et al (2017) MALAT1 predicts poor survival in osteosarcoma patients
and promotes cell metastasis through associating with EZH2. Oncotarget 8:46993–47006.
https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.16551
41. Young TL, Matsuda T, Cepko CL (2005) The noncoding RNA taurine upregulated gene 1 is
required for differentiation of the murine retina. Curr Biol 15:501–512. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.cub.2005.02.027
42. Zhang M, Lu W, Huang Y et al (2016) Downregulation of the long noncoding RNA TUG1
inhibits the proliferation, migration, invasion and promotes apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma.
J Mol Histol 47:421–428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735-016-9683-2
422
D. Hanly et al.