Table 1 Biological effects of lncRNAs associated with epigenetic processes that are up- and
downregulated in various types of cancer and their potential clinical applications
lncRNA
Disease
Oncogenic/tumoursuppressive effects
Potential
clinical
applications
References
Upregulated in cancer
HOTAIR Breast cancer
• Cell cycle progression
• Proliferation
• Metastasis
• Chemoresistance
• Prognostic
biomarker
[35, 97–
100]
Lung cancer
• Proliferation
• Metastasis
• Cisplatin
resistance
• Prognostic
biomarker
[101–104]
Ovarian cancer (OC)
• Proliferation
• Platinum drug
resistance
• Prognostic
biomarker
• Therapeutic
target
[52, 53,
105, 106]
Oral/oesophageal squamous
cell carcinoma (OSCC)
• Proliferation
• Metastasis
• CSC maintenance
• Prognostic
biomarker
• Therapeutic
target
[107–109]
Hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC)
• Cell viability
• Metastasis
• CSC maintenance
• Prognostic
biomarker
[110–113]
MALAT1 Lung cancer
• Proliferation
• Cell motility
• Metastasis
• Chemoresistance
• Prognostic
biomarker
• Diagnostic
biomarker
• Therapeutic
target
[36, 37,
114–117]
Glioblastoma
• Proliferation
• Metastasis
• Temozolomide
resistance
• Prognostic
biomarker
• Therapeutic
target
[64, 65,
118]
HCC
• Proliferation
• Metastasis
• Multiple drug
resistance
• n/a
[119–122]
CRC
• Proliferation
• Metastasis
• Chemoresistance
• Prognostic
biomarker
• Therapeutic
target
[123, 124]
Osteosarcoma
• Metastasis
• Angiogenesis
• Therapeutic
target
[40, 125,
126]
(continued)
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D. Hanly et al.