64. Richly H, Aloia L, Di Croce L (2011) Roles of the Polycomb group proteins in stem cells and
cancer. Cell Death Dis 2:e204. https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2011.84
65. Yap KL, Zhou MM (2011) Structure and mechanisms of lysine methylation recognition by
the chromodomain in gene transcription. Biochemistry 50(12):1966–1980. https://doi.org/10.
1021/bi101885m
66. Paro R, Hogness DS (1991) The Polycomb protein shares a homologous domain with a
heterochromatin-associated protein of Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88
(1):263–267. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.1.263
67. Ball LJ, Murzina NV, Broadhurst RW, Raine AR, Archer SJ, Stott FJ, Murzin AG, Singh PB,
Domaille PJ, Laue ED (1997) Structure of the chromatin binding (chromo) domain from
mouse modifier protein 1. EMBO J 16(9):2473–2481. https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/16.9.
2473
68. Milosevich N, Hof F (2016) Chemical inhibitors of epigenetic methyllysine reader proteins.
Biochemistry 55(11):1570–1583. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01073
69. Vandamme J, Volkel P, Rosnoblet C, Le Faou P, Angrand PO (2011) Interaction proteomics
analysis of polycomb proteins defines distinct PRC1 complexes in mammalian cells. Mol Cell
Proteomics 10(4):M110.002642. https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M110.002642
70. Klauke K, Radulovic V, Broekhuis M, Weersing E, Zwart E, Olthof S, Ritsema M,
Bruggeman S, Wu X, Helin K, Bystrykh L, de Haan G (2013) Polycomb Cbx family members
mediate the balance between haematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Nat
Cell Biol 15(4):353–362. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb2701
71. Morey L, Pascual G, Cozzuto L, Roma G, Wutz A, Benitah SA, Di Croce L (2012)
Nonoverlapping functions of the Polycomb group Cbx family of proteins in embryonic stem
cells. Cell Stem Cell 10(1):47–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2011.12.006
72. O’Loghlen A, Munoz-Cabello AM, Gaspar-Maia A, Wu HA, Banito A, Kunowska N,
Racek T, Pemberton HN, Beolchi P, Lavial F, Masui O, Vermeulen M, Carroll T,
Graumann J, Heard E, Dillon N, Azuara V, Snijders AP, Peters G, Bernstein E, Gil J (2012)
MicroRNA regulation of Cbx7 mediates a switch of Polycomb orthologs during ESC differentiation. Cell Stem Cell 10(1):33–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2011.12.004
73. Yap KL, Li S, Munoz-Cabello AM, Raguz S, Zeng L, Mujtaba S, Gil J, Walsh MJ, Zhou MM
(2010) Molecular interplay of the noncoding RNA ANRIL and methylated histone H3
lysine 27 by polycomb CBX7 in transcriptional silencing of INK4a. Mol Cell 38
(5):662–674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2010.03.021
74. Duan RS, Tang GB, Du HZ, Hu YW, Liu PP, Xu YJ, Zeng YQ, Zhang SF, Wang RY, Teng
ZQ, Liu CM (2018) Polycomb protein family member CBX7 regulates intrinsic axon growth
and regeneration. Cell Death Differ 25(9):1598–1611. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41418-0180064-0
75. van den Boom V, Rozenveld-Geugien M, Bonardi F, Malanga D, van Gosliga D, Heijink AM,
Viglietto G, Morrone G, Fusetti F, Vellenga E, Schuringa JJ (2013) Nonredundant and
locus-specific gene repression functions of PRC1 paralog family members in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Blood 121(13):2452–2461. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-201208-451666
76. Shinjo K, Yamashita Y, Yamamoto E, Akatsuka S, Uno N, Kamiya A, Niimi K, Sakaguchi Y,
Nagasaka T, Takahashi T, Shibata K, Kajiyama H, Kikkawa F, Toyokuni S (2014)
Expression of chromobox homolog 7 (CBX7) is associated with poor prognosis in ovarian
clear cell adenocarcinoma via TRAIL-induced apoptotic pathway regulation. Int J Cancer
135(2):308–318. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28692
77. Simhadri C, Daze KD, Douglas SF, Quon TT, Dev A, Gignac MC, Peng F, Heller M,
Boulanger MJ, Wulff JE, Hof F (2014) Chromodomain antagonists that target the
polycomb-group methyllysine reader protein chromobox homolog 7 (CBX7). J Med Chem
57(7):2874–2883. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm401487x
78. Scott CL, Gil J, Hernando E, Teruya-Feldstein J, Narita M, Martinez D, Visakorpi T, Mu D,
Cordon-Cardo C, Peters G, Beach D, Lowe SW (2007) Role of the chromobox protein CBX7
in lymphomagenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(13):5389–5394. https://doi.org/10.1073/
pnas.0608721104
Methyl-Readers and Inhibitors
387
cancer. Cell Death Dis 2:e204. https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2011.84
65. Yap KL, Zhou MM (2011) Structure and mechanisms of lysine methylation recognition by
the chromodomain in gene transcription. Biochemistry 50(12):1966–1980. https://doi.org/10.
1021/bi101885m
66. Paro R, Hogness DS (1991) The Polycomb protein shares a homologous domain with a
heterochromatin-associated protein of Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88
(1):263–267. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.1.263
67. Ball LJ, Murzina NV, Broadhurst RW, Raine AR, Archer SJ, Stott FJ, Murzin AG, Singh PB,
Domaille PJ, Laue ED (1997) Structure of the chromatin binding (chromo) domain from
mouse modifier protein 1. EMBO J 16(9):2473–2481. https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/16.9.
2473
68. Milosevich N, Hof F (2016) Chemical inhibitors of epigenetic methyllysine reader proteins.
Biochemistry 55(11):1570–1583. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01073
69. Vandamme J, Volkel P, Rosnoblet C, Le Faou P, Angrand PO (2011) Interaction proteomics
analysis of polycomb proteins defines distinct PRC1 complexes in mammalian cells. Mol Cell
Proteomics 10(4):M110.002642. https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M110.002642
70. Klauke K, Radulovic V, Broekhuis M, Weersing E, Zwart E, Olthof S, Ritsema M,
Bruggeman S, Wu X, Helin K, Bystrykh L, de Haan G (2013) Polycomb Cbx family members
mediate the balance between haematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Nat
Cell Biol 15(4):353–362. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb2701
71. Morey L, Pascual G, Cozzuto L, Roma G, Wutz A, Benitah SA, Di Croce L (2012)
Nonoverlapping functions of the Polycomb group Cbx family of proteins in embryonic stem
cells. Cell Stem Cell 10(1):47–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2011.12.006
72. O’Loghlen A, Munoz-Cabello AM, Gaspar-Maia A, Wu HA, Banito A, Kunowska N,
Racek T, Pemberton HN, Beolchi P, Lavial F, Masui O, Vermeulen M, Carroll T,
Graumann J, Heard E, Dillon N, Azuara V, Snijders AP, Peters G, Bernstein E, Gil J (2012)
MicroRNA regulation of Cbx7 mediates a switch of Polycomb orthologs during ESC differentiation. Cell Stem Cell 10(1):33–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2011.12.004
73. Yap KL, Li S, Munoz-Cabello AM, Raguz S, Zeng L, Mujtaba S, Gil J, Walsh MJ, Zhou MM
(2010) Molecular interplay of the noncoding RNA ANRIL and methylated histone H3
lysine 27 by polycomb CBX7 in transcriptional silencing of INK4a. Mol Cell 38
(5):662–674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2010.03.021
74. Duan RS, Tang GB, Du HZ, Hu YW, Liu PP, Xu YJ, Zeng YQ, Zhang SF, Wang RY, Teng
ZQ, Liu CM (2018) Polycomb protein family member CBX7 regulates intrinsic axon growth
and regeneration. Cell Death Differ 25(9):1598–1611. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41418-0180064-0
75. van den Boom V, Rozenveld-Geugien M, Bonardi F, Malanga D, van Gosliga D, Heijink AM,
Viglietto G, Morrone G, Fusetti F, Vellenga E, Schuringa JJ (2013) Nonredundant and
locus-specific gene repression functions of PRC1 paralog family members in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Blood 121(13):2452–2461. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-201208-451666
76. Shinjo K, Yamashita Y, Yamamoto E, Akatsuka S, Uno N, Kamiya A, Niimi K, Sakaguchi Y,
Nagasaka T, Takahashi T, Shibata K, Kajiyama H, Kikkawa F, Toyokuni S (2014)
Expression of chromobox homolog 7 (CBX7) is associated with poor prognosis in ovarian
clear cell adenocarcinoma via TRAIL-induced apoptotic pathway regulation. Int J Cancer
135(2):308–318. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28692
77. Simhadri C, Daze KD, Douglas SF, Quon TT, Dev A, Gignac MC, Peng F, Heller M,
Boulanger MJ, Wulff JE, Hof F (2014) Chromodomain antagonists that target the
polycomb-group methyllysine reader protein chromobox homolog 7 (CBX7). J Med Chem
57(7):2874–2883. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm401487x
78. Scott CL, Gil J, Hernando E, Teruya-Feldstein J, Narita M, Martinez D, Visakorpi T, Mu D,
Cordon-Cardo C, Peters G, Beach D, Lowe SW (2007) Role of the chromobox protein CBX7
in lymphomagenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(13):5389–5394. https://doi.org/10.1073/
pnas.0608721104
Methyl-Readers and Inhibitors
387