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There exist many opportunities to advance FEW nexus science and application
in the context of watershed management, especially in the following areas:
• Building communities of science and practice, especially where watersheds
require cross-border coordination and governance;
• Defining scientific questions that address the needs of decision-makers and the
capabilities of the scientific community;
• Using participatory processes of choosing metrics and indicators to engage
stakeholders in both the scientific and non-scientific communities in discussions
the advance knowledge, communication, education, and decision-making;
• Using new abilities to collect, integrate and utilize vast amounts of data for
robust science at the nexus of FEW systems in watersheds;
• Developing better models that capture the complex interactions of FEW systems
and accurately project future outcomes under defines changes to the system;
• Connecting upstream and downstream communities;
• Utilizing significant advances in computing and data analytics to develop models
and machine-learning technologies in a manner that generates useful results to
researchers, stakeholders, and decision-makers;
• Delivering more effective communication about FEW systems and the trade-offs
inherent in decision-making regarding policies and other actions to change systems for more desirable outcomes;
• Developing and deploying collaborative solutions with diverse groups of stakeholders from both the scientific and non-scientific communities;
• Achieving global food, energy, and water security, in all their aspects, for all
people, in a sustainable manner that does not undermine the functional integrity
of ecosystems.
Issues related to the FEW are complex, particularly in watersheds that are characterized by resource abundance, and that share cross-border governance. FEW
nexus approaches offer many opportunities for the twenty-first-century researcher,
student, and practitioner to explore trade-offs at the nexus of FEW systems governance, particularly under conditions of resource abundance.
Looking ahead, now that you are equipped with a systems perspective and toolkit,
how can approaches to understanding integrated food–energy–water systems help
address problems at the nexus of FEW systems? How can such approaches contribute
to solutions under conditions of resource abundance? How can such approaches be
useful in a watershed context that is characterized by cross-border governance? How
can a new framework for transboundary governance of the nexus of FEW systems in
watersheds address emerging challenges, even in conditions of resource abundance?
21.4.2 Environmental Governance Case Study
In 1994, US President Bill Clinton signed Executive Order 12898, requiring federal
agencies and grantees to consider environmental justice in their decision-making.
While EO 12898 has its limitations and could be revoked by another president at
B. Kinne et al.
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