558
water agreements, stronger sovereigns have mobilized troops in particular regions
to secure water supply facilities. Section 19.4 includes a case study on other parts of
Africa as well (Fig. 20.6).
Elsewhere, pollution from industrial runoff and dumping in Zimbabwe into the
Muene River upstream has impacted water supplies in Mozambique; this problem has
worsened exponentially under drought conditions. Both countries share the river as a
border. Low water flow in times of drought increases the concentration of contaminants and chemicals suspended in the water column as they are carried downstream
into Chicamba Dam, a critical water supply source in Mozambique (Kings 2016).
Moreover, outbreaks in cholera and fish die-offs have become commonplace.
Wyoming
South Dakota
Colorado
New Mexico
Texas
0
100
200
0 100 200
mi
km
Arkansas
Missouri
Louisiana
Minnesota
Iowa
Nebraska
Kansas
Oklahoma
Fig. 20.3 The Ogallala (High Plains) Aquifer underlies 451,000  km
2 in eight states. (Credit:
Kansas Geological Survey)
L. B. Fowler and R. T. Caccese