310
More extreme heat events will necessitate additional peak generation capacity to
meet higher peak demands.
In regions with high energy insecurity (see Sect. 3.2), the lack of energy services
will result in higher adverse impacts during heat waves such as heat stroke and other
health effects.
11.4.3.3 Climate Change Impacts on Energy for Water and Food
In Chap. 1, the use of energy for water and food were noted. The energy requirements for the pumping and movement of water, for treating water before and after
use, and for the heating and cooling of water are all significant. Energy demands for
food production, processing, movement and refrigeration, and storage are also significant. Changes in water and food systems, therefore, change the demand energy
use through a variety of paths. Conversely, changes in energy systems can change
the availability and cost of energy for water- and food-related activities. Making
some more or less viable and economical.
11.4.4 Cascading Impacts
The prior three sections have recognized how climate change impacts on one sector
have “knock-on” impacts on other sectors. Where those knock-on impacts are powerful, climate change impacts can “cascade” through FEW systems.
Cascades typically begin with a disturbance that either damages FEW resources
(e.g., soil, water supplies, or energy sources) or infrastructure required to energy
food, energy, or water security. Extreme climate or weather events can sometimes
damage more than one resource or infrastructure. Short-term or long-term actions to
address problems in one sector then cause additional stress or new problems in other
sectors.
Case studies throughout this book provide examples of cascading effects. Here
we will explore two examples of cascading impacts, which are likely to happen
more frequently and with greater intensity in the future because of anthropogenic
climate change.
11.4.4.1 Drought in California, USA, 2011–2017
From 2012 to 2016, the state of California experienced severe drought, as part of an
extended drought episode that spread across most of the contiguous USA and parts
of Mexico (Heim 2017). Low snow and rainfall reduced water flows directly, and
the water stored in the snowpack of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, which yield
runoff and stream flows through traditionally dry periods. The drought impacted
each of the food, energy, and water sectors of the state in ways that were comP. Saundry
More extreme heat events will necessitate additional peak generation capacity to
meet higher peak demands.
In regions with high energy insecurity (see Sect. 3.2), the lack of energy services
will result in higher adverse impacts during heat waves such as heat stroke and other
health effects.
11.4.3.3 Climate Change Impacts on Energy for Water and Food
In Chap. 1, the use of energy for water and food were noted. The energy requirements for the pumping and movement of water, for treating water before and after
use, and for the heating and cooling of water are all significant. Energy demands for
food production, processing, movement and refrigeration, and storage are also significant. Changes in water and food systems, therefore, change the demand energy
use through a variety of paths. Conversely, changes in energy systems can change
the availability and cost of energy for water- and food-related activities. Making
some more or less viable and economical.
11.4.4 Cascading Impacts
The prior three sections have recognized how climate change impacts on one sector
have “knock-on” impacts on other sectors. Where those knock-on impacts are powerful, climate change impacts can “cascade” through FEW systems.
Cascades typically begin with a disturbance that either damages FEW resources
(e.g., soil, water supplies, or energy sources) or infrastructure required to energy
food, energy, or water security. Extreme climate or weather events can sometimes
damage more than one resource or infrastructure. Short-term or long-term actions to
address problems in one sector then cause additional stress or new problems in other
sectors.
Case studies throughout this book provide examples of cascading effects. Here
we will explore two examples of cascading impacts, which are likely to happen
more frequently and with greater intensity in the future because of anthropogenic
climate change.
11.4.4.1 Drought in California, USA, 2011–2017
From 2012 to 2016, the state of California experienced severe drought, as part of an
extended drought episode that spread across most of the contiguous USA and parts
of Mexico (Heim 2017). Low snow and rainfall reduced water flows directly, and
the water stored in the snowpack of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, which yield
runoff and stream flows through traditionally dry periods. The drought impacted
each of the food, energy, and water sectors of the state in ways that were comP. Saundry