158
Article 38 of the governing Statute of the International Court of Justice brings
together many of the core concepts of international law by what types of laws it
applies:
1. The Court, whose function is to decide in accordance with international law such
disputes as are submitted to it, shall apply:
(a) international conventions, whether general or particular, establishing rules
expressly recognized by the contesting states;
(b) international custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law;
(c) the general principles of law recognized by civilized nations;
(d) subject to the provisions of Article 59, judicial decisions and the teachings of
the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations, as subsidiary
means for the determination of rules of law.
The International Court of Justice has occasionally been asked to address questions related to the food, energy, or water system (see, e.g., Sect. 6.3.1 below);
however, addressing the FEW nexus itself is something most courts have not yet
fully grappled with. More discussion of food, energy, or water has often occurred in
different pieces of the UN system (Fig. 6.1).
The UN system includes a number of sub-organizations, including, but not
limited to:
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (created in 1960)
“works in partnership with governments and other development actors at global,
regional and national levels to develop supportive policy and institutional environments” to lead “international efforts to defeat hunger.” (FAO) The FAO
includes work on fisheries and agriculture.
• World Food Programme (1961) delivers food assistance in emergencies and
works with communities to improve nutrition and build resilience.
• International Atomic Energy Agency was created to support the peaceful use of
atomic energy, including nuclear power.
• United Nations Development Programme (1965) “works to eradicate poverty
and reduce inequalities through the sustainable development of nations”
(UNDP).
• United National Environment Program (1972) seeks to set “the global environmental agenda, promotes the coherent implementation of the environmental
dimension of sustainable development within the United Nations system, and
serves as an authoritative advocate for the global environment.” (UNEP).
• United National Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) facilitates
international negotiations on climate change (see Chap. 11).
• UN-Energy coordinates the activities of many UN agencies and offices on
energy.
• UN-Water coordinates the activities of many UN agencies and offices on water.
• UN Human Rights Council promotes and protects human rights around the
world.
A. Belinskij et al.
Article 38 of the governing Statute of the International Court of Justice brings
together many of the core concepts of international law by what types of laws it
applies:
1. The Court, whose function is to decide in accordance with international law such
disputes as are submitted to it, shall apply:
(a) international conventions, whether general or particular, establishing rules
expressly recognized by the contesting states;
(b) international custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law;
(c) the general principles of law recognized by civilized nations;
(d) subject to the provisions of Article 59, judicial decisions and the teachings of
the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations, as subsidiary
means for the determination of rules of law.
The International Court of Justice has occasionally been asked to address questions related to the food, energy, or water system (see, e.g., Sect. 6.3.1 below);
however, addressing the FEW nexus itself is something most courts have not yet
fully grappled with. More discussion of food, energy, or water has often occurred in
different pieces of the UN system (Fig. 6.1).
The UN system includes a number of sub-organizations, including, but not
limited to:
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (created in 1960)
“works in partnership with governments and other development actors at global,
regional and national levels to develop supportive policy and institutional environments” to lead “international efforts to defeat hunger.” (FAO) The FAO
includes work on fisheries and agriculture.
• World Food Programme (1961) delivers food assistance in emergencies and
works with communities to improve nutrition and build resilience.
• International Atomic Energy Agency was created to support the peaceful use of
atomic energy, including nuclear power.
• United Nations Development Programme (1965) “works to eradicate poverty
and reduce inequalities through the sustainable development of nations”
(UNDP).
• United National Environment Program (1972) seeks to set “the global environmental agenda, promotes the coherent implementation of the environmental
dimension of sustainable development within the United Nations system, and
serves as an authoritative advocate for the global environment.” (UNEP).
• United National Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) facilitates
international negotiations on climate change (see Chap. 11).
• UN-Energy coordinates the activities of many UN agencies and offices on
energy.
• UN-Water coordinates the activities of many UN agencies and offices on water.
• UN Human Rights Council promotes and protects human rights around the
world.
A. Belinskij et al.