Bioassay and Related Methods
297
25. Iijima, Y., H. Yamada, and S. Shinoda. 1981. Adherence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its relation to pathogenicity. Can.
J. Microbiol. 27:1252–1259.
26. Jordan, E.O., and J. McBroom. 1931. Results of feeding Staphylococcus filtrates to monkeys. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.
29:161–162.
27. Kennedy, D.J., R.N. Greenberg, J.A. Dunn, R. Abernathy, J.S. Ryerse, and R.L. Guerrant. 1984. Effects of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin ST b on intestines of mice, rats, rabbits, and piglets. Infect. Immun. 46:639–
641.
28. Laux, D.C., E.F. McSweegan, and P.S. Cohen. 1984. Adhesion of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli to immobilized intestinal
mucosal preparations: A model for adhesion to mucosal surface components. J. Microbiol. Meth. 2:27–39.
29. McDonel, J.L., and B.A. McClane. 1981. Highly sensitive assay for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin that uses inhibition
of plating efficiency of Vero cells grown in culture. J. Clin. Microbiol. 13:940–946.
30. Mehlman, J.J., M. Fishbein, S.L. Gorbach, A.C. Sandes, E.L. Eide, and J.C. Olson, Jr. 1976. Pathogenicity of Escherichia
coli recovered from food. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 59:67–80.
31. Minor, T.E., and E.H. Marth. 1976. Staphylococci and Their Significance in Foods. New York: Elsevier.
32. Mullan, N.A., M.N. Burgess, and P.M. Newsome. 1978. Characterization of a partially purified, methanol-soluble heatstable Escherichia coli enterotoxin in infant mice. Infect. Immun. 19:779–784.
33. Murayama, S.Y., T. Sakai, S. Makino, T. Kurata, C. Sasakawa, and M. Yoshikawa. 1986. The use of mice in the Sereny
test as a virulence assay of shigellae and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 51:696–698.
34. O’Brien, A.D., and R.K. Holmes. 1987. Shiga and Shiga-like toxins. Microbiol. Rev. 51:206–220.
35. Ofek, I., and E.H. Beachey. 1978. Mannose binding and epithelial cell adherence of Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun.
22:247–254.
36. Okamoto, K., T. Inoue, K. Shimizu, S. Hara, and A. Miyama. 1982. Further purification and characterization of heat-stable
enterotoxin produced by Yersinia enterocolitica. Infect. Immun. 35:958–964.
37. Pai, C.H., V. Mors, and T.A. Seemayer. 1980. Experimental Yersinia enterocolitica enteritis in rabbit. Infect. Immun.
28:238–244.
38. Pai, C.H., V. Mors, and S. Toma. 1978. Prevalence of enterotoxigenicity in human and nonhuman isolates of Yersinia
enterocolitica. Infect. Immun. 22:334–338.
39. Pazzaglia, G., R.B. Sack, A.L. Bourgeois, J. Froehlich, and J. Eckstein. 1990. Diarrhea and intestinal invasiveness of
Aeromonas strains in the removable intestinal tie rabbit model. Infect. Immun. 58:1924–1931.
40. Punyashthiti, K., and R.A. Finkelstein. 1971. Enteropathogenicity of Escherichia coli. I. Evaluation of mouse intestinal
loops. Infect. Immun. 39:721–725.
41. Schiemann, D.A. 1981. An enterotoxin-negative strain of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:3 is capable of producing
diarrhea in mice. Infect. Immun. 32:571–574.
42. Smith, H.W. 1972. The production of diarrhea in baby rabbits by the oral administration of cell-free preparations of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae: The effect of antisera. J. Med. Microbiol. 5:299–
303.
43. Speirs, J.I., S. Stavric, and J. Konowalchuk. 1977. Assay of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin with Vero cells. Infect.
Immun. 16:617–622.
44. Spira, W.M., R.B. Sack, and J.L. Froehlich. 1981. Simple adult rabbit model for Vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli diarrhea. Infect. Immun. 32:739–747.
45. Stark, R.L., and C.L. Duncan. 1971. Biological characteristics of Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin. Infect.
Immun. 4:89–96.
46. Terplan, G., and S. Steinmeyer. 1989. Investigations on the pathogenicity of Listeria spp. by experimental infection of the
chick embryo. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 8:277–280.
47. Thorne, G.M., C.F. Deneke, and S.L. Gorbach. 1979. Hemagglutination and adhesiveness of toxigenic Escherichia coli
isolated from humans. Infect. Immun. 23:690–699.
48. Ueno, S., N. Matsuki, and H. Saito, 1987. Suncus murinus: A new experimental model in emesis research. Life Sci.
41:513–516.
49. Whipp, S.C. 1990. Assay for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin b in rats and mice. Infect. Immun. 58:930–
934.
297
25. Iijima, Y., H. Yamada, and S. Shinoda. 1981. Adherence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its relation to pathogenicity. Can.
J. Microbiol. 27:1252–1259.
26. Jordan, E.O., and J. McBroom. 1931. Results of feeding Staphylococcus filtrates to monkeys. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.
29:161–162.
27. Kennedy, D.J., R.N. Greenberg, J.A. Dunn, R. Abernathy, J.S. Ryerse, and R.L. Guerrant. 1984. Effects of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin ST b on intestines of mice, rats, rabbits, and piglets. Infect. Immun. 46:639–
641.
28. Laux, D.C., E.F. McSweegan, and P.S. Cohen. 1984. Adhesion of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli to immobilized intestinal
mucosal preparations: A model for adhesion to mucosal surface components. J. Microbiol. Meth. 2:27–39.
29. McDonel, J.L., and B.A. McClane. 1981. Highly sensitive assay for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin that uses inhibition
of plating efficiency of Vero cells grown in culture. J. Clin. Microbiol. 13:940–946.
30. Mehlman, J.J., M. Fishbein, S.L. Gorbach, A.C. Sandes, E.L. Eide, and J.C. Olson, Jr. 1976. Pathogenicity of Escherichia
coli recovered from food. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 59:67–80.
31. Minor, T.E., and E.H. Marth. 1976. Staphylococci and Their Significance in Foods. New York: Elsevier.
32. Mullan, N.A., M.N. Burgess, and P.M. Newsome. 1978. Characterization of a partially purified, methanol-soluble heatstable Escherichia coli enterotoxin in infant mice. Infect. Immun. 19:779–784.
33. Murayama, S.Y., T. Sakai, S. Makino, T. Kurata, C. Sasakawa, and M. Yoshikawa. 1986. The use of mice in the Sereny
test as a virulence assay of shigellae and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 51:696–698.
34. O’Brien, A.D., and R.K. Holmes. 1987. Shiga and Shiga-like toxins. Microbiol. Rev. 51:206–220.
35. Ofek, I., and E.H. Beachey. 1978. Mannose binding and epithelial cell adherence of Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun.
22:247–254.
36. Okamoto, K., T. Inoue, K. Shimizu, S. Hara, and A. Miyama. 1982. Further purification and characterization of heat-stable
enterotoxin produced by Yersinia enterocolitica. Infect. Immun. 35:958–964.
37. Pai, C.H., V. Mors, and T.A. Seemayer. 1980. Experimental Yersinia enterocolitica enteritis in rabbit. Infect. Immun.
28:238–244.
38. Pai, C.H., V. Mors, and S. Toma. 1978. Prevalence of enterotoxigenicity in human and nonhuman isolates of Yersinia
enterocolitica. Infect. Immun. 22:334–338.
39. Pazzaglia, G., R.B. Sack, A.L. Bourgeois, J. Froehlich, and J. Eckstein. 1990. Diarrhea and intestinal invasiveness of
Aeromonas strains in the removable intestinal tie rabbit model. Infect. Immun. 58:1924–1931.
40. Punyashthiti, K., and R.A. Finkelstein. 1971. Enteropathogenicity of Escherichia coli. I. Evaluation of mouse intestinal
loops. Infect. Immun. 39:721–725.
41. Schiemann, D.A. 1981. An enterotoxin-negative strain of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:3 is capable of producing
diarrhea in mice. Infect. Immun. 32:571–574.
42. Smith, H.W. 1972. The production of diarrhea in baby rabbits by the oral administration of cell-free preparations of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae: The effect of antisera. J. Med. Microbiol. 5:299–
303.
43. Speirs, J.I., S. Stavric, and J. Konowalchuk. 1977. Assay of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin with Vero cells. Infect.
Immun. 16:617–622.
44. Spira, W.M., R.B. Sack, and J.L. Froehlich. 1981. Simple adult rabbit model for Vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli diarrhea. Infect. Immun. 32:739–747.
45. Stark, R.L., and C.L. Duncan. 1971. Biological characteristics of Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin. Infect.
Immun. 4:89–96.
46. Terplan, G., and S. Steinmeyer. 1989. Investigations on the pathogenicity of Listeria spp. by experimental infection of the
chick embryo. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 8:277–280.
47. Thorne, G.M., C.F. Deneke, and S.L. Gorbach. 1979. Hemagglutination and adhesiveness of toxigenic Escherichia coli
isolated from humans. Infect. Immun. 23:690–699.
48. Ueno, S., N. Matsuki, and H. Saito, 1987. Suncus murinus: A new experimental model in emesis research. Life Sci.
41:513–516.
49. Whipp, S.C. 1990. Assay for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin b in rats and mice. Infect. Immun. 58:930–
934.