Table 12–2 Some Tissue and Cell Culture Systems Employed to Study Biological Activity
of Gastroenteritis-Causing Organisms or Their Products (Taken from the Literature)
Culture System
Pathogen/Toxin
Demonstration/Use
CHO monolayer
E. coli LT; V. cholerae toxin
Biological activity
V. parahaemolyticus
Biological activity
Salmonella toxin
Biological activity
C. jejuni enterotoxin
Biological activity
CHO floating cell assay
Salmonella toxin
Biological activity
HeLa cells
E. coli
Invasiveness
Y. enterocolitica
Invasiveness
V. parahaemolyticus
Adherence
C. jejuni
Invasiveness
Vero
E. coli O157: H7
Shiga-like toxin receptors
Vero cells
C. perfringens enterotoxin
Mode of action
E. coli LT
Biological activity, assay
A. hydrophila toxin
Cytotoxicity
C. perfringens enterotoxin
Binding
C. perfringens enterotoxin
Biological activity
Salmonella cytotoxin
Protein synthesis inhib.
V. vulnificus
Cytotoxicity
Y-1 adrenal cells
E. coli LT
Biological activity, assay
V. cholerae toxin
Biological activity, assay
V. mimicus
Biological activity
Rabbit intestine epithelial cells
C. perfringens enterotoxin
Binding
Salmonella cytotoxin
Protein synthesis inhib.
Murine spleen cells
Staph. enterotoxins A, B, and E
Binding
Macrophages
Y. enterocolitica
Phagocytosis
Human peripheral lymphocytes
Staph. enterotoxin A
Biological effects
Human laryngeal carcinoma
E. coli, Shigella
Invasiveness
Henle 407 human intestine
E. coli, Shigella
Invasiveness
Henle 407
L. monocytogenes
Invasiveness
E. coli O157: H7
Adherence
Caco-2
V. cholerae non-01
Adherence
ETEC
Adhesions
L. monocytogenes
Invasion
HT29.74
C. parvum
Infection model
C. perfringens
Cell lethality
Peritoneal macrophages
L. monocytogenes
Intracellular survival
Murine embryo primary fibroblasts
L. monocytogenes
Interleukin production
Human fetal intestinal cells
V. parahaemolyticus
Adherence
Enteropathogenic E. coli
Adherence
B. cereus toxins
Biological activity
Human intestinal cells
V. parahaemolyticus
Adherence
Human ileal cells
Enterotoxigenic E. coli
Adherence
Human mucosal cells
E. coli
Adherence
V. parahaemolyticus
Adherence
Human uroepithelial cells
E. coli
Adhesion
Viable human duodenal biopsies
E. coli
Adherence
Rat hepatocytes
C. perfringens enterotoxin
Amino acid transport
C. perfringens enterotoxin
Membrane permeability
Guinea pig intestinal cells
V. parahaemolyticus
Adherence
HEp-2 cells
B. cereus cereulide
Vacuole formation
(mitochondrial swelling)
Note: LT = heat-labile toxin; ETEC = enterotoxigenic E. coli.