8
Modern Food Microbiology
1965—Foodborne giardiasis was recognized.
1969—C. perfringens enterotoxin was demonstrated by C.L. Duncan and D.H. Strong.
—C. botulinum type G was first isolated in Argentina by Gimenez and Ciccarelli.
1971—First U.S. foodborne outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis occurred in Maryland.
—First documented outbreak of E. coli foodborne gastroenteritis occurred in the United States.
1975—Salmonella enterotoxin was demonstrated by L.R. Koupal and R.H. Deibel.
1976—First U.S. foodborne outbreak of Yersinia enterocolitica gastroenteritis occurred in New York.
—Infant botulism was first recognized in California.
1977—The first documented outbreak of cyclosporiasis occurred in Papua, New Guinea; first in United
States in 1990.
1978—Documented foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by the Norwalk virus occurred in
Australia.
1979—Foodborne gastroenteritis caused by non-01 Vibrio cholerae occurred in Florida. Earlier outbreaks occurred in Czechoslovakia (1965) and Australia (1973).
1981—Foodborne listeriosis outbreak was recognized in the United States.
1982—The first outbreaks of foodborne hemorrhagic colitis occurred in the United States.
1983—Campylobacter jejuni enterotoxin was described by Ruiz-Palacios et al.
1985—The irradiation of pork to 0.3 to 1.0 kGy to control Trichinella spiralis was approved in the
United States.
1986—Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was first diagnosed in cattle in the United Kingdom.
Food Legislation
1890—The first national meat inspection law was enacted. It required the inspection of meats for
export only.
1895—The previous meat inspection act was amended to strengthen its provisions.
1906—The U.S. Federal Food and Drug Act was passed by Congress.
1910—The New York City Board of Health issued an order requiring the pasteurization of milk.
1939—The new Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act became law.
1954—The Miller Pesticide Chemicals Amendment to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act was passed
by Congress.
1957—The U.S. Compulsory Poultry and Poultry Products law was enacted.
1958—The Food Additives Amendment to the Food Drug, and Cosmetics Act was passed.
1962—The Talmadge-Aiken Act (allowing for federal meat inspection by states) was enacted into
law.
1963—The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the use of irradiation for the preservation
of bacon.
1967—The U.S. Wholesome Meat Act was passed by Congress and enacted into law on December
15.
1968—The Food and Drug Administration withdrew its 1963 approval of irradiated bacon.
—The Poultry Inspection Bill was signed into law.
1969—The U.S. Food and Drug Administration established an allowable level of 20 ppb of aflatoxin
for edible grains and nuts.
1973—The state of Oregon adopted microbial standards for fresh and processed retail meat. They
were repealed in 1977.
Modern Food Microbiology
1965—Foodborne giardiasis was recognized.
1969—C. perfringens enterotoxin was demonstrated by C.L. Duncan and D.H. Strong.
—C. botulinum type G was first isolated in Argentina by Gimenez and Ciccarelli.
1971—First U.S. foodborne outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis occurred in Maryland.
—First documented outbreak of E. coli foodborne gastroenteritis occurred in the United States.
1975—Salmonella enterotoxin was demonstrated by L.R. Koupal and R.H. Deibel.
1976—First U.S. foodborne outbreak of Yersinia enterocolitica gastroenteritis occurred in New York.
—Infant botulism was first recognized in California.
1977—The first documented outbreak of cyclosporiasis occurred in Papua, New Guinea; first in United
States in 1990.
1978—Documented foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by the Norwalk virus occurred in
Australia.
1979—Foodborne gastroenteritis caused by non-01 Vibrio cholerae occurred in Florida. Earlier outbreaks occurred in Czechoslovakia (1965) and Australia (1973).
1981—Foodborne listeriosis outbreak was recognized in the United States.
1982—The first outbreaks of foodborne hemorrhagic colitis occurred in the United States.
1983—Campylobacter jejuni enterotoxin was described by Ruiz-Palacios et al.
1985—The irradiation of pork to 0.3 to 1.0 kGy to control Trichinella spiralis was approved in the
United States.
1986—Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was first diagnosed in cattle in the United Kingdom.
Food Legislation
1890—The first national meat inspection law was enacted. It required the inspection of meats for
export only.
1895—The previous meat inspection act was amended to strengthen its provisions.
1906—The U.S. Federal Food and Drug Act was passed by Congress.
1910—The New York City Board of Health issued an order requiring the pasteurization of milk.
1939—The new Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act became law.
1954—The Miller Pesticide Chemicals Amendment to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act was passed
by Congress.
1957—The U.S. Compulsory Poultry and Poultry Products law was enacted.
1958—The Food Additives Amendment to the Food Drug, and Cosmetics Act was passed.
1962—The Talmadge-Aiken Act (allowing for federal meat inspection by states) was enacted into
law.
1963—The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the use of irradiation for the preservation
of bacon.
1967—The U.S. Wholesome Meat Act was passed by Congress and enacted into law on December
15.
1968—The Food and Drug Administration withdrew its 1963 approval of irradiated bacon.
—The Poultry Inspection Bill was signed into law.
1969—The U.S. Food and Drug Administration established an allowable level of 20 ppb of aflatoxin
for edible grains and nuts.
1973—The state of Oregon adopted microbial standards for fresh and processed retail meat. They
were repealed in 1977.