Application of Sustainable and Low-Cost
Sludge-Based Adsorbents for Textile Dye
Degradation
A. Geethakarthi
Abstract The industrial development in the last two centuries has led to transfer
of pollution by means of environmentally unsafe technology causing serious environmental problems. The concern for the environment has led to the adoption of
systematic treatment processes for solid, liquid and gaseous wastes. At present,
a number of environmental protection agencies have increased creating a general
awareness related to environmental inspection and law enforcement. A demand for
low-cost and sustainable treatment methods is adopted. Among the various emerging
technologies, the advancement in the preparation of porous activated carbon as fibres
or membranes is potential for the remediation of wastewater. This chapter highlights
the preparation of activated carbon from sludge discharged from tannery industry
in the degradation of synthetic textile dye. The adsorption technique has proved to
be an effective method in textile dye degradation, in spite of the stable and complex
structure of dyes. The preparation methods of the activated carbon from tannery
sludge are discussed under various thermal conditions. Also, the chapter focuses on
the dye degradation efficiency of the tannery sludge-based activated carbon under
various operating parameter conditions. The adopted adsorption technology elaborated will also have an impact on the rationalization of water and raw material
resource consumption, contributing to setting premises for application of sustainable
environment management.
Keywords Activated carbon · Adsorbent · Adsorption · Commercial activated
carbon · Isotherms · Reaction kinetics · Reactive dyes · Tannery sludge
A. Geethakarthi (B)
Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu,
India
e-mail: geethakarthi.a.ce@kct.ac.in
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
S. S. Muthu (ed.), Advances in Textile Waste Water Treatments,
Sustainable Textiles: Production, Processing, Manufacturing & Chemistry,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0065-4_2
25
Sludge-Based Adsorbents for Textile Dye
Degradation
A. Geethakarthi
Abstract The industrial development in the last two centuries has led to transfer
of pollution by means of environmentally unsafe technology causing serious environmental problems. The concern for the environment has led to the adoption of
systematic treatment processes for solid, liquid and gaseous wastes. At present,
a number of environmental protection agencies have increased creating a general
awareness related to environmental inspection and law enforcement. A demand for
low-cost and sustainable treatment methods is adopted. Among the various emerging
technologies, the advancement in the preparation of porous activated carbon as fibres
or membranes is potential for the remediation of wastewater. This chapter highlights
the preparation of activated carbon from sludge discharged from tannery industry
in the degradation of synthetic textile dye. The adsorption technique has proved to
be an effective method in textile dye degradation, in spite of the stable and complex
structure of dyes. The preparation methods of the activated carbon from tannery
sludge are discussed under various thermal conditions. Also, the chapter focuses on
the dye degradation efficiency of the tannery sludge-based activated carbon under
various operating parameter conditions. The adopted adsorption technology elaborated will also have an impact on the rationalization of water and raw material
resource consumption, contributing to setting premises for application of sustainable
environment management.
Keywords Activated carbon · Adsorbent · Adsorption · Commercial activated
carbon · Isotherms · Reaction kinetics · Reactive dyes · Tannery sludge
A. Geethakarthi (B)
Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu,
India
e-mail: geethakarthi.a.ce@kct.ac.in
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
S. S. Muthu (ed.), Advances in Textile Waste Water Treatments,
Sustainable Textiles: Production, Processing, Manufacturing & Chemistry,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0065-4_2
25