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R. Sivaranjanee and P. Senthil Kumar
stage, the biomass is degasified in the temperature range of 370–400 °C. Within this
range, the removal of volatile particle seems to be more efficient.
1.5.3 Torrefaction
The roasting of wood or other biomass to remove moisture and low energy volatiles
thereby increasing the density of the biomass. Torrefaction is basically a pretreatment process which is employed for moisture removal, biomass densification
and to enhance the property of biomass. Torrefaction process on combination with
any pre-treatment methods will yield better quality of biomass [14]. This process
produces a solid material which is rich in carbon content. The primary purpose of this
torrefaction process is to produce biochar. Torrefaction is an upcoming methodology
which is used to expel the volatiles by utilizing different decomposition reactions
which in turn improves the quality of biomass. This process of torrefaction can be
further subdivided into two types namely wet and dry torrefaction. The wet torrefaction method has the potential to produce energy dense product within a very short
period of time owing to its high heat transfer rate when it is kept inside an aqueous
media. Torrefaction can deliver biochar with high calorific value, and it can be used
as a substitute for fossil fuel [11].
1.5.4 Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis
Microwave aided pyrolysis is one of the most productive thermochemical forms in
the creation of biochar, bio-oil, and syngas, and it has been effectively applied to
plant remains. The major advantage of pyrolysis is that it gives higher product yield.
It is also one of the most effective and cost saving techniques for the production of
biochar. Microwave technology utilizes electromagnetic wave, and this wave causes
movement of molecules, and it delivers heat. The technological benefit microwavehelped pyrolysis over traditional pyrolysis is larger biomass particles are subjected
to uniform microwave heating, and due to the absence of agitation in fluidization
process, it produces a clean product. There are few contrast between the conventional and microwave pyrolysis method. The traditional pyrolysis method utilizes
ordinary heating methodology, while the microwave method requires some pretreatment before subjecting to heating. On subjecting the finally produced biochar to
any chemical or thermal processing, it has the ability to get transformed into activated
carbon material [11].
1.6 Effluent Treatment by Utilizing Biochar as Adsorbent
By employing wheat straw as an agricultural waste, biochar was prepared by
following pyrolysis technique at a temperature of 200 °C. The resulting biochar
R. Sivaranjanee and P. Senthil Kumar
stage, the biomass is degasified in the temperature range of 370–400 °C. Within this
range, the removal of volatile particle seems to be more efficient.
1.5.3 Torrefaction
The roasting of wood or other biomass to remove moisture and low energy volatiles
thereby increasing the density of the biomass. Torrefaction is basically a pretreatment process which is employed for moisture removal, biomass densification
and to enhance the property of biomass. Torrefaction process on combination with
any pre-treatment methods will yield better quality of biomass [14]. This process
produces a solid material which is rich in carbon content. The primary purpose of this
torrefaction process is to produce biochar. Torrefaction is an upcoming methodology
which is used to expel the volatiles by utilizing different decomposition reactions
which in turn improves the quality of biomass. This process of torrefaction can be
further subdivided into two types namely wet and dry torrefaction. The wet torrefaction method has the potential to produce energy dense product within a very short
period of time owing to its high heat transfer rate when it is kept inside an aqueous
media. Torrefaction can deliver biochar with high calorific value, and it can be used
as a substitute for fossil fuel [11].
1.5.4 Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis
Microwave aided pyrolysis is one of the most productive thermochemical forms in
the creation of biochar, bio-oil, and syngas, and it has been effectively applied to
plant remains. The major advantage of pyrolysis is that it gives higher product yield.
It is also one of the most effective and cost saving techniques for the production of
biochar. Microwave technology utilizes electromagnetic wave, and this wave causes
movement of molecules, and it delivers heat. The technological benefit microwavehelped pyrolysis over traditional pyrolysis is larger biomass particles are subjected
to uniform microwave heating, and due to the absence of agitation in fluidization
process, it produces a clean product. There are few contrast between the conventional and microwave pyrolysis method. The traditional pyrolysis method utilizes
ordinary heating methodology, while the microwave method requires some pretreatment before subjecting to heating. On subjecting the finally produced biochar to
any chemical or thermal processing, it has the ability to get transformed into activated
carbon material [11].
1.6 Effluent Treatment by Utilizing Biochar as Adsorbent
By employing wheat straw as an agricultural waste, biochar was prepared by
following pyrolysis technique at a temperature of 200 °C. The resulting biochar