In IJ, distance from anterior end to excretory pore
53–67 μm, E% about 80; in male, D% >50
9
9. IJ body length averaging 951 μm (797–1102); spicule
length about 49 μm (42–53)
S. kraussei
IJ body length averaging 849 μm (736–950); spicule
length about 70 μm (65–77)
S. feltiae
10. Average length of IJ >600 μm (622–693)
11
Average length of IJ <600 μm (510–589)
13
11. Spine-like structure inside IJ tail tip; mucron present S. affinis
No spine-like structure inside IJ tail tip; mucron absent 12
12. Spicule length about 93 μm (80–106); E% about
94 (74–108)
S. intermedia
Spicule length about 67 μm (63–75); E% about
105 (93–111)
S. riobravis
13. Average body length of IJ about 510 μm
1 4
Average body length of IJ >540 μm
1 5
14. First-generation male without mucron; spicule length
69 μm (58–75), SW ¼ 1.56 (1.44–1.57); in IJ, E%
averaging 88
S. ritte
First-generation male with mucron; spicule length
47 μm (42–52), SW ¼ 0.94 (0.91–1.05); in IJ, E%
averages 72
S. tara
15. First-generation male without mucron; in IJ, E%
averaging 92
S. kushidai
First-generation male with mucron; in IJ, E% <92
16
16. In IJ, E% averaging 73; in male, SW ratio averaging
2.52 (2.04–2.80), spicule length 83 μm (72–92);
female with large, double-flapped epiptygma
S. scapterisci
In IJ, E% averaging 60; in male, SW ratio averaging 1.72
(1.40–2.00), spicule length 66 μm (58–77); doubleflapped epiptygma rarely present
S. carpocapsae
Family Heterorhabditidae
Diagnosis
Rhabditoidea, Rhabditida. Obligate insect parasites. Symbiotic bacteria occur in infective juveniles carrying symbiotic bacteria. Both
hermaphroditic and amphimictic females are present.
Hermaphroditic Female
1. After entry into an insect host, infective juveniles develop into
hermaphroditic females.
2. Head truncate to slightly rounded, six conical lips well developed, separate, each with a terminal papilla; one or two small
76
Laboratory Techniques for Entomopathogenic Nematodes
53–67 μm, E% about 80; in male, D% >50
9
9. IJ body length averaging 951 μm (797–1102); spicule
length about 49 μm (42–53)
S. kraussei
IJ body length averaging 849 μm (736–950); spicule
length about 70 μm (65–77)
S. feltiae
10. Average length of IJ >600 μm (622–693)
11
Average length of IJ <600 μm (510–589)
13
11. Spine-like structure inside IJ tail tip; mucron present S. affinis
No spine-like structure inside IJ tail tip; mucron absent 12
12. Spicule length about 93 μm (80–106); E% about
94 (74–108)
S. intermedia
Spicule length about 67 μm (63–75); E% about
105 (93–111)
S. riobravis
13. Average body length of IJ about 510 μm
1 4
Average body length of IJ >540 μm
1 5
14. First-generation male without mucron; spicule length
69 μm (58–75), SW ¼ 1.56 (1.44–1.57); in IJ, E%
averaging 88
S. ritte
First-generation male with mucron; spicule length
47 μm (42–52), SW ¼ 0.94 (0.91–1.05); in IJ, E%
averages 72
S. tara
15. First-generation male without mucron; in IJ, E%
averaging 92
S. kushidai
First-generation male with mucron; in IJ, E% <92
16
16. In IJ, E% averaging 73; in male, SW ratio averaging
2.52 (2.04–2.80), spicule length 83 μm (72–92);
female with large, double-flapped epiptygma
S. scapterisci
In IJ, E% averaging 60; in male, SW ratio averaging 1.72
(1.40–2.00), spicule length 66 μm (58–77); doubleflapped epiptygma rarely present
S. carpocapsae
Family Heterorhabditidae
Diagnosis
Rhabditoidea, Rhabditida. Obligate insect parasites. Symbiotic bacteria occur in infective juveniles carrying symbiotic bacteria. Both
hermaphroditic and amphimictic females are present.
Hermaphroditic Female
1. After entry into an insect host, infective juveniles develop into
hermaphroditic females.
2. Head truncate to slightly rounded, six conical lips well developed, separate, each with a terminal papilla; one or two small
76
Laboratory Techniques for Entomopathogenic Nematodes