3 Systematic Position
3.1 Steinernema
Phylum:
Nematoda Rudolphi, 1808
Class:
Secernentea von Linstow, 1905
Order:
Rhabditida (O ¨ rley, 1880) Chitwood, 1933 [56, 57]
Suborder:
Rhabditina (O ¨ rley, 1880) Chitwood, 1933 [56, 57]
Super family:
Strongyloidoidea Travassos, 1920 [58]
Family:
Steinernematidae Chitwood and Chitwood, 1937 [59]
Type genus:
Steinernema Travassos, 1927 [60]
Syn.:
Neoplectana Steiner, 1929 [61]
Type species:
Steinernema kraussei (Steiner, 1923) Travassos, 1927
[25, 60]
Syn.:
Aplectana kraussei (Steiner, 1923) Travassos, 1927
[25, 60]
Other species:
99 valid species
Other genus:
Neosteinernema Nguyen and Smart, 1994 [62]
Type and only
species:
Neosteinernema longicurvicauda Nguyen and Smart,
1994 [62]
3.2 Heterorhabditis
Phylum:
Nematoda Rudolphi, 1808
Class:
Secernentea von Linstow, 1905
Order:
Rhabditida (O ¨ rley, 1880) Chitwood, 1933 [56, 57]
Suborder:
Rhabditina (O ¨ rley, 1880) Chitwood, 1933 [56, 57]
Super family:
Rhabditoidea (O ¨ rley, 1880) Travassos, 1920 [57, 58]
Family:
Heterorhabditidae Poinar Jr, 1976 [39]
Type and only
genus:
Heterorhabditis Poinar Jr, 1976 [39]
Syn.:
Chromonema Khan, Brooks and Hirschmann, 1976
[63]
Type species:
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar Jr, 1976 [39]
Syn.:
Chromonema heliothidis Khan et al., 1976 [64]
(continued)
12
Historical Aspects