striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J Econ
Entomol 79:1330–1333
230. McCoy CW, Shapiro DI, Duncan LW
(2000b) Application and evaluation of entomopatho gens for citrus pest control. In:
Lacey L, Kaya HK (eds) Manual of techniques
in insect pathology: field techniques. Kluwer
Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Holland, pp
577–597
231. Kaya HK (1990) Soil ecology. In: Gaugler R,
Kaya HK (eds) Entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control. CRC Press, Boca
Raton, FL, pp 93–116
232. Klein MG, Georgis R (1992) Persistence of
control of Japanese beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae with steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes. J Econ Entomol
85:727–730
233. Shapiro DI, Lewis EE, Paramasivam S,
McCoy CW (2000) Nitrogen partitioning in
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora-infected hosts
and the eVects of nitrogen on attraction/
repulsion. J Invertebr Pathol 76:43–48
234. Shapiro-Ilan DI, Gouge DH, Koppenho ¨fer
AM (2002) Factors affecting commercial success: case studies in cotton, turf and citrus. In:
Gaugler R (ed) Entomopathogenic nematology. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, pp
333–356
235. Majic ´ I, Sarajlic ´ A, Lakatos T, To ´ th T,
Raspudic ´ E, Pus ˇkadija Z, Kaniz ˇai S ˇ G, Laznik
Z ˇ (2019) Virulence of new strain of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora from Croatia against
Lasioptera rubi. Plant Protect Sci 55:134–141
236. Yuksel E, Canhilal R (2018) Evaluation of
local isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes for the management of black cutworm,
Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Egypt J Biol Pest Control 28(1):82
237. Begley JW (1990) Efficacy against insects in
habitats other than soil. In: Gaugler R, Kaya
HK (eds) Entomopathogenic nematodes in
biological control. CRC Press, Boca Raton,
FL, pp 215–232
238. Georgis R, Koppenho ¨fer AM, Lacey LA,
Be ´lair G, Duncan LW, Grewal PS, Van Tol
RWHM (2006) Successes and failures in the
use of parasitic nematodes for pest control.
Biol Control 38(1):103–123
239. Lacey LA, Arthurs SP, Unruh TR,
Headrick H, Fritts R Jr (2006a) Entomopathogenic nematodes for control of codling
moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple and
pear orchards: effect of nematode species and
seasonal temperatures, adjuvants, application
equipment and post-application irrigation.
Biol Control 37:214–223
240. Lacey LA, Granatstein D, Arthurs SP,
Headrick H, Fritts R Jr (2006b) Use of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae) in conjunction with mulches for
control of overwintering codling moth
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J Entomol Sci
41:107–119
241. Mracek Z (2002) Use of entomoparasitic
nematodes (EPANs) in biological control.
In: Advances in microbial control of
insect pests. Springer, Boston, MA, pp
235–264
242. Kaya HK, Joos JL, Falcon LA, Berlowitz A
(1984) Suppression of the codling moth
(Lepidoptera, Olethreutidae) with the entomogenous nematode, Steinernema feltiae
(Rhabditida, Steinernematidae). J Econ
Entomol 77:1240–1244
243. Unruh TR, Lacey LA (2001) Control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera:
Tortricidae), with Steinernema carpocapsae:
effects of supplemental wetting and pupation
site on infection rate. Biol Control 20
(1):48–56
244. Siegel J, Lacey LA, Fritts R Jr, Higbee BS,
Noble P (2004) Use of steinernematid nematodes for post-harvest control of navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Amyelois
transitella) in fallen pistachios. Biol Control
30:410–417
245. Broadbent AB, Olthof THA (1995) Foliar
application of Steinernema carpocapsae
(Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) to control
Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) larvae in chrysanthemums. Environ Entomol
24:431–435
246. Jagdale GB, Casey ML, Grewal PS, Lindquist
RK (2004) Effects of application rate and
timing, potting medium and host plant on
efficacy of Steinernema feltiae against fungus
gnat, Bradysia coprophila in floriculture. Biol
Control 29:296–305
247. Qiu BL, Mandour NS, Xu CX, Ren SX
(2008) Evaluation of the entomopathogenic
nematode Steinernema feltiae as a biological
control agent of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci.
Int J Pest Manag 54(3):247–253
248. Trdan S, Znidarcic D, Vidrih M (2007) Control of Frankliniella occidentalis on
glasshouse-grown cucumbers: an efficacy
comparison of foliar application of Steinernema feltiae and spraying with abamectin.
Russ J Nematol 15(1):25–34
249. Choi WI, Lee EH, Choi BR, Park HM, Ahn
YJ (2003) Toxicity of plant essential oils to
Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera:
Aleyrodidae).
J
Econ
Entomol
96:1479–1484
References
173
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J Econ
Entomol 79:1330–1333
230. McCoy CW, Shapiro DI, Duncan LW
(2000b) Application and evaluation of entomopatho gens for citrus pest control. In:
Lacey L, Kaya HK (eds) Manual of techniques
in insect pathology: field techniques. Kluwer
Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Holland, pp
577–597
231. Kaya HK (1990) Soil ecology. In: Gaugler R,
Kaya HK (eds) Entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control. CRC Press, Boca
Raton, FL, pp 93–116
232. Klein MG, Georgis R (1992) Persistence of
control of Japanese beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae with steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes. J Econ Entomol
85:727–730
233. Shapiro DI, Lewis EE, Paramasivam S,
McCoy CW (2000) Nitrogen partitioning in
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora-infected hosts
and the eVects of nitrogen on attraction/
repulsion. J Invertebr Pathol 76:43–48
234. Shapiro-Ilan DI, Gouge DH, Koppenho ¨fer
AM (2002) Factors affecting commercial success: case studies in cotton, turf and citrus. In:
Gaugler R (ed) Entomopathogenic nematology. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, pp
333–356
235. Majic ´ I, Sarajlic ´ A, Lakatos T, To ´ th T,
Raspudic ´ E, Pus ˇkadija Z, Kaniz ˇai S ˇ G, Laznik
Z ˇ (2019) Virulence of new strain of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora from Croatia against
Lasioptera rubi. Plant Protect Sci 55:134–141
236. Yuksel E, Canhilal R (2018) Evaluation of
local isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes for the management of black cutworm,
Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Egypt J Biol Pest Control 28(1):82
237. Begley JW (1990) Efficacy against insects in
habitats other than soil. In: Gaugler R, Kaya
HK (eds) Entomopathogenic nematodes in
biological control. CRC Press, Boca Raton,
FL, pp 215–232
238. Georgis R, Koppenho ¨fer AM, Lacey LA,
Be ´lair G, Duncan LW, Grewal PS, Van Tol
RWHM (2006) Successes and failures in the
use of parasitic nematodes for pest control.
Biol Control 38(1):103–123
239. Lacey LA, Arthurs SP, Unruh TR,
Headrick H, Fritts R Jr (2006a) Entomopathogenic nematodes for control of codling
moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple and
pear orchards: effect of nematode species and
seasonal temperatures, adjuvants, application
equipment and post-application irrigation.
Biol Control 37:214–223
240. Lacey LA, Granatstein D, Arthurs SP,
Headrick H, Fritts R Jr (2006b) Use of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae) in conjunction with mulches for
control of overwintering codling moth
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J Entomol Sci
41:107–119
241. Mracek Z (2002) Use of entomoparasitic
nematodes (EPANs) in biological control.
In: Advances in microbial control of
insect pests. Springer, Boston, MA, pp
235–264
242. Kaya HK, Joos JL, Falcon LA, Berlowitz A
(1984) Suppression of the codling moth
(Lepidoptera, Olethreutidae) with the entomogenous nematode, Steinernema feltiae
(Rhabditida, Steinernematidae). J Econ
Entomol 77:1240–1244
243. Unruh TR, Lacey LA (2001) Control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera:
Tortricidae), with Steinernema carpocapsae:
effects of supplemental wetting and pupation
site on infection rate. Biol Control 20
(1):48–56
244. Siegel J, Lacey LA, Fritts R Jr, Higbee BS,
Noble P (2004) Use of steinernematid nematodes for post-harvest control of navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Amyelois
transitella) in fallen pistachios. Biol Control
30:410–417
245. Broadbent AB, Olthof THA (1995) Foliar
application of Steinernema carpocapsae
(Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) to control
Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) larvae in chrysanthemums. Environ Entomol
24:431–435
246. Jagdale GB, Casey ML, Grewal PS, Lindquist
RK (2004) Effects of application rate and
timing, potting medium and host plant on
efficacy of Steinernema feltiae against fungus
gnat, Bradysia coprophila in floriculture. Biol
Control 29:296–305
247. Qiu BL, Mandour NS, Xu CX, Ren SX
(2008) Evaluation of the entomopathogenic
nematode Steinernema feltiae as a biological
control agent of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci.
Int J Pest Manag 54(3):247–253
248. Trdan S, Znidarcic D, Vidrih M (2007) Control of Frankliniella occidentalis on
glasshouse-grown cucumbers: an efficacy
comparison of foliar application of Steinernema feltiae and spraying with abamectin.
Russ J Nematol 15(1):25–34
249. Choi WI, Lee EH, Choi BR, Park HM, Ahn
YJ (2003) Toxicity of plant essential oils to
Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera:
Aleyrodidae).
J
Econ
Entomol
96:1479–1484
References
173