Biofuels Generation Based on Technical
Process and Biomass Quality
2
Felipe Lange Shimizu, Hernan Dario Zamora Zamora,
Alison Andrei Schmatz, Ranieri Bueno Melati, Danilo Bueno,
and Michel Brienzo
Abstract
There is a wide variety of biomass types, implicating in biofuels and conversion
process differences. Lignocellulosic biomass, for instance, can be converted into
biofuels by biotechnology route. There are first-, second-, third-, and fourthgeneration biofuels coming from different kinds of biomass and process. Besides
biofuels, the carbohydrate and lignin of these biomasses can be used to generate
other products of aggregated value. The biomasses have properties that resist the
conversion processes, such as crystallinity and lignin contents. These difficulties
are fought with genetic engineering and pretreatments to alter the material
structure, decreasing the heterogeneity and recalcitrance, improving enzymatic
hydrolysis and consequently the conversion into biofuels.
Keywords
Biofuels · Biomass · Renewable energy · Fossil fuels · Cellulose · Lignin
2.1
Introduction
Fossil fuels are a finite source of energy and its future increasing demand will raise
CO 2 emissions and intensifies the greenhouse effect (Asumadu-Sarkodie and Owusu
2016). Alternatives to their use are necessary with urgency to stop environmental
damage. Recently, biomass has been studied and used in biorefinery to provide these
renewable alternatives (Zhao et al. 2012). Besides biodiesel, bioethanol is one strong
candidate to replace or be combined with fossil fuel uses (Fig. 2.1). Lignocellulosic
F. L. Shimizu · H. D. Z. Zamora · A. A. Schmatz · R. B. Melati · D. Bueno · M. Brienzo (*)
Institute for Research in Bioenergy (IPBEN), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro,
São Paulo, Brazil
e-mail: michel.brienzo@unesp.br
# Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
N. Srivastava et al. (eds.), Biofuel Production Technologies: Critical Analysis
for Sustainability, Clean Energy Production Technologies,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8637-4_2
37
Process and Biomass Quality
2
Felipe Lange Shimizu, Hernan Dario Zamora Zamora,
Alison Andrei Schmatz, Ranieri Bueno Melati, Danilo Bueno,
and Michel Brienzo
Abstract
There is a wide variety of biomass types, implicating in biofuels and conversion
process differences. Lignocellulosic biomass, for instance, can be converted into
biofuels by biotechnology route. There are first-, second-, third-, and fourthgeneration biofuels coming from different kinds of biomass and process. Besides
biofuels, the carbohydrate and lignin of these biomasses can be used to generate
other products of aggregated value. The biomasses have properties that resist the
conversion processes, such as crystallinity and lignin contents. These difficulties
are fought with genetic engineering and pretreatments to alter the material
structure, decreasing the heterogeneity and recalcitrance, improving enzymatic
hydrolysis and consequently the conversion into biofuels.
Keywords
Biofuels · Biomass · Renewable energy · Fossil fuels · Cellulose · Lignin
2.1
Introduction
Fossil fuels are a finite source of energy and its future increasing demand will raise
CO 2 emissions and intensifies the greenhouse effect (Asumadu-Sarkodie and Owusu
2016). Alternatives to their use are necessary with urgency to stop environmental
damage. Recently, biomass has been studied and used in biorefinery to provide these
renewable alternatives (Zhao et al. 2012). Besides biodiesel, bioethanol is one strong
candidate to replace or be combined with fossil fuel uses (Fig. 2.1). Lignocellulosic
F. L. Shimizu · H. D. Z. Zamora · A. A. Schmatz · R. B. Melati · D. Bueno · M. Brienzo (*)
Institute for Research in Bioenergy (IPBEN), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro,
São Paulo, Brazil
e-mail: michel.brienzo@unesp.br
# Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
N. Srivastava et al. (eds.), Biofuel Production Technologies: Critical Analysis
for Sustainability, Clean Energy Production Technologies,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8637-4_2
37