Kumar S, Singh N, Prasad R (2010) Anhydrous ethanol: a renewable source of energy. Renew
Sustain Energy Rev 14:1830–1844
Kurian JK, Nair GR, Hussain A, Vijaya Raghavan GS (2013) Feedstocks, logistics and
pre-treatment processes for sustainable lignocellulosic biorefineries: a comprehensive review.
Renew Sustain Energy Rev 25:205–219
Lai JYW, Lin KC, Violi A (2011) Biodiesel combustion: advances in chemical kinetic modeling.
Progr Energy Combust Sci 37(1):1–14
Lam MK, Lee KT, Mohamed AR (2010) Homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysis for
transesterification of high free fatty acid oil (waste cooking oil) to biodiesel: a review.
Biotechnol Adv 28(4):500–518
Lapuerta M, Armas O, Rodriguez-Fernandez J (2008) Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine
emissions. Prog Energy Combust Sci 34(2):198–223
Larson ED, Jin H, Celik FE (2009) Large-scale gasification-based coproduction of fuels and
electricity from switchgrass. Biofuels Bioprod Bioref 3:174–194
LeBlanc JR, Schneider RV, Strait RB (1994) Production of methanol. In: Cheng WH, Kung HH
(eds) Methanol production and use. Marcel Dekker, New York
Lee S (1990) Methanol synthesis technology. CRC Press, Cleveland
Leung DYC, Wu X, Leung MKH (2010) A review on biodiesel production using catalyzed
transesterification. Appl Energy 87(4):1083–1095
Lewis R, Datar R, Huhnke RL (2006) Biomass to ethanol. Encycl Chem Process 1:143–151
Li J, Henriksson G, Gellerstedt G (2005) Carbon reactions during high-temperature steam treatment
of aspen wood. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 125:175. https://doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:125:3:175
Li K, Fan Y, He Y, Zeng L, Han X, Yan Y (2017) Burkholderia cepacia lipase immobilized on
heterofunctional magnetic nanoparticles and its application in biodiesel synthesis. Sci Rep
7:16473. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16626-5
Liu Y, Yan YJ, Zhang X, Tan H, Xin L, Yao A (2010) Combined lipases catalyzed
transesterification for biodiesel production: optimization and kinetics. AIChE J 56
(6):1659–1665
Liu Y, Liu T, Li C, Yan Y (2011a) Biodiesel synthesis catalyzed by Burkholderia cenocepacia
lipase supported on macroporous resin NKA in solvent-free and isooctane systems. Energy
Fuels 25(3):1206–1212
Liu Y, Chen D, Yan Y, Peng C, Xu L (2011b) Biodiesel synthesis and conformation of lipase from
Burkholderia cepacia in room temperature ionic liquids and organic solvents. Bioresour Technol
102(22):10414–10418
Lynd LR, Cushman JH, Nichols RJ, Wyman CE (1991) Fuel ethanol from cellulosic biomass.
Science 251:1318–1323
Lynd LR, Weimer PJ, van Zyl WH, Pretorious IS (2002) Microbial cellulose utilization:
fundamentals and biotechnology. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 66:506–577
Maiden CJ (1988) The New Zealand gas-to-gasoline project. In: Bibby DM, Chang CD, Howe RF,
Yurchak S (eds) Methane conversion, Studies in surface science and catalysis, vol 36. Elsevier,
Amsterdam, pp 1–16
Mangena S (2012) Coal gasification and liquefaction – SA experiences and opportunities. In: 4th
EU – South Africa Clean Coal Working Group Meeting, Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd
May JB (1994) Wet milling: process and products. In: White PJ, Johnson LA (eds) Corn chemistry
and technology. St. Paul, American Association of Cereal Chemist, pp 377–395
Melero JA, Iglesias J, Garcia A (2012) Biomass as renewable feedstock in standard refinery units.
Feasibility, opportunities and challenges. Energy Environ Sci 5:7393. https://doi.org/10.1039/
c2ee21231e
Mood SH, Golfeshan AH, Tabatabaei M, Jouzani GS, Najafi GH, Gholami M, Ardjmand M (2013)
Lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol, a comprehensive review with a focus on pretreatment.
Renew Sustain Energy Rev 27:77–93
Morgan T, Santillan-Jimenez E, Harman-Ware AE, Ji Y, Grubb D, Crocker M (2012) Catalytic
deoxygenation of triglycerides to hydrocarbons over supported nickel catalysts. Chem Eng J
189-190:346–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.02.027
1 Biofuels: Types and Process Overview
33
Sustain Energy Rev 14:1830–1844
Kurian JK, Nair GR, Hussain A, Vijaya Raghavan GS (2013) Feedstocks, logistics and
pre-treatment processes for sustainable lignocellulosic biorefineries: a comprehensive review.
Renew Sustain Energy Rev 25:205–219
Lai JYW, Lin KC, Violi A (2011) Biodiesel combustion: advances in chemical kinetic modeling.
Progr Energy Combust Sci 37(1):1–14
Lam MK, Lee KT, Mohamed AR (2010) Homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysis for
transesterification of high free fatty acid oil (waste cooking oil) to biodiesel: a review.
Biotechnol Adv 28(4):500–518
Lapuerta M, Armas O, Rodriguez-Fernandez J (2008) Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine
emissions. Prog Energy Combust Sci 34(2):198–223
Larson ED, Jin H, Celik FE (2009) Large-scale gasification-based coproduction of fuels and
electricity from switchgrass. Biofuels Bioprod Bioref 3:174–194
LeBlanc JR, Schneider RV, Strait RB (1994) Production of methanol. In: Cheng WH, Kung HH
(eds) Methanol production and use. Marcel Dekker, New York
Lee S (1990) Methanol synthesis technology. CRC Press, Cleveland
Leung DYC, Wu X, Leung MKH (2010) A review on biodiesel production using catalyzed
transesterification. Appl Energy 87(4):1083–1095
Lewis R, Datar R, Huhnke RL (2006) Biomass to ethanol. Encycl Chem Process 1:143–151
Li J, Henriksson G, Gellerstedt G (2005) Carbon reactions during high-temperature steam treatment
of aspen wood. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 125:175. https://doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:125:3:175
Li K, Fan Y, He Y, Zeng L, Han X, Yan Y (2017) Burkholderia cepacia lipase immobilized on
heterofunctional magnetic nanoparticles and its application in biodiesel synthesis. Sci Rep
7:16473. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16626-5
Liu Y, Yan YJ, Zhang X, Tan H, Xin L, Yao A (2010) Combined lipases catalyzed
transesterification for biodiesel production: optimization and kinetics. AIChE J 56
(6):1659–1665
Liu Y, Liu T, Li C, Yan Y (2011a) Biodiesel synthesis catalyzed by Burkholderia cenocepacia
lipase supported on macroporous resin NKA in solvent-free and isooctane systems. Energy
Fuels 25(3):1206–1212
Liu Y, Chen D, Yan Y, Peng C, Xu L (2011b) Biodiesel synthesis and conformation of lipase from
Burkholderia cepacia in room temperature ionic liquids and organic solvents. Bioresour Technol
102(22):10414–10418
Lynd LR, Cushman JH, Nichols RJ, Wyman CE (1991) Fuel ethanol from cellulosic biomass.
Science 251:1318–1323
Lynd LR, Weimer PJ, van Zyl WH, Pretorious IS (2002) Microbial cellulose utilization:
fundamentals and biotechnology. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 66:506–577
Maiden CJ (1988) The New Zealand gas-to-gasoline project. In: Bibby DM, Chang CD, Howe RF,
Yurchak S (eds) Methane conversion, Studies in surface science and catalysis, vol 36. Elsevier,
Amsterdam, pp 1–16
Mangena S (2012) Coal gasification and liquefaction – SA experiences and opportunities. In: 4th
EU – South Africa Clean Coal Working Group Meeting, Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd
May JB (1994) Wet milling: process and products. In: White PJ, Johnson LA (eds) Corn chemistry
and technology. St. Paul, American Association of Cereal Chemist, pp 377–395
Melero JA, Iglesias J, Garcia A (2012) Biomass as renewable feedstock in standard refinery units.
Feasibility, opportunities and challenges. Energy Environ Sci 5:7393. https://doi.org/10.1039/
c2ee21231e
Mood SH, Golfeshan AH, Tabatabaei M, Jouzani GS, Najafi GH, Gholami M, Ardjmand M (2013)
Lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol, a comprehensive review with a focus on pretreatment.
Renew Sustain Energy Rev 27:77–93
Morgan T, Santillan-Jimenez E, Harman-Ware AE, Ji Y, Grubb D, Crocker M (2012) Catalytic
deoxygenation of triglycerides to hydrocarbons over supported nickel catalysts. Chem Eng J
189-190:346–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.02.027
1 Biofuels: Types and Process Overview
33