variation noticed during the microbial cell synthesis additionally impacts product
stability in the medium (Gupta et al. 2003).
In an investigation study carried out by Sarkar and Aikat (2014), maximum
CMCase (2.58 IU/ml) and F Passé (0.276 IU/ml) production by Aspergillus
fumigates isolated from straw retting ground was achieved at pH 4.0. Moreover,
pH 5.0 was noticed to be optimum for cell biomass and cellulose production by
Penicillium sps. and Aspergillus Niger (Narasimha et al. 2006; Prasanna et al. 2016).
Higher Exo and Endo-1,4-β-D-glucanases of 1.22 IU/ml and 1.82 IU/ml by
Purpureocillium lilacinum were favoured by pH 5.5, respectively (Srilakshmi
et al. 2017). The initial pH of the fermentation medium was adjusted to 6.5
inoculated with Trichothecium roseum, and higher CMCase and β-glycosidase
activities were obtained after 7 days of incubation (Shanmugam et al. 2008), and
hence initial pH of the medium exerts a sturdy influence on enzyme production. In
general, the pH of the culture medium rises within 48 days of cellulose fermentation
by fungi due to the utilisation of yeast extract, hemicellulose and amorphous
cellulose from lignocellulosic materials for cell growth. After attaining proliferative
growth, the culture pH dropped because of the release of carbonic acids and
carboxylic groups from lignin (Portjanskaja et al. 2006). Production of cellulose
by Aspergillus Niger was intensive when the starting culture pH was alerted to 6.0 or
7.0 (Sohail et al. 2009).
11.10 Effect of Temperature
Among the physical factors, temperature maintenance during the bioprocessing also
occupies a major role that influences both purity level and turnout of the products of
interest (Ahmed et al. 2009; Iqbal et al. 2010). In-depth investigations of many
workers on fungus like Aspergillus spp. revealed that different temperature optima is
required for similar genus of the same fungus (Akinyele et al. 2013).
Temperature optima of A. terreus to produce cellulase were established as 28
C
(Shahriarinour et al. 2011). According to Srilakshmi et al. (2017), growth, extracellular protein and cellulase production from Purpureocillium lilacinum successively
inclined to 30
C and declined at further elevated temperatures. Around 1.8 times
higher CMCase (1.62 U/ml), production by A. humicola was achieved in the
medium amended with COA as compared to the enzyme production COA lacking
medium (0.91 U/ml) at 37
C (Nipa et al. 2006). Gilna and Khaleel (2011) proved
that 32
C supported maximum cellulase activity by Aspergillus fumigates when
inoculated on the right choice of lignocellulosic refuse when liquid state is
maintained. The steady drop in the biocatalyst synthesis beyond optimum temperature may be attributed to transfiguration of the enzymes and cell growth arrest
(Shazia et al. 2010). It was observed that cellulase production by Aspergillus
fumigates gradually increased from 25
C and catch up to maximum (CMCase
2.36 IU/ml, FPase 0.256 IU/ml) at 30
C. Further elevated temperatures resulted in
immoderate fall in cellulase production (Sarkar and Aikat 2014). Studies on thermophilic fungi by Kawamori et al. (1987) disclosed that the cultivation of
11 Significance of Process Parameters on Fungal Cellulase Production
307
stability in the medium (Gupta et al. 2003).
In an investigation study carried out by Sarkar and Aikat (2014), maximum
CMCase (2.58 IU/ml) and F Passé (0.276 IU/ml) production by Aspergillus
fumigates isolated from straw retting ground was achieved at pH 4.0. Moreover,
pH 5.0 was noticed to be optimum for cell biomass and cellulose production by
Penicillium sps. and Aspergillus Niger (Narasimha et al. 2006; Prasanna et al. 2016).
Higher Exo and Endo-1,4-β-D-glucanases of 1.22 IU/ml and 1.82 IU/ml by
Purpureocillium lilacinum were favoured by pH 5.5, respectively (Srilakshmi
et al. 2017). The initial pH of the fermentation medium was adjusted to 6.5
inoculated with Trichothecium roseum, and higher CMCase and β-glycosidase
activities were obtained after 7 days of incubation (Shanmugam et al. 2008), and
hence initial pH of the medium exerts a sturdy influence on enzyme production. In
general, the pH of the culture medium rises within 48 days of cellulose fermentation
by fungi due to the utilisation of yeast extract, hemicellulose and amorphous
cellulose from lignocellulosic materials for cell growth. After attaining proliferative
growth, the culture pH dropped because of the release of carbonic acids and
carboxylic groups from lignin (Portjanskaja et al. 2006). Production of cellulose
by Aspergillus Niger was intensive when the starting culture pH was alerted to 6.0 or
7.0 (Sohail et al. 2009).
11.10 Effect of Temperature
Among the physical factors, temperature maintenance during the bioprocessing also
occupies a major role that influences both purity level and turnout of the products of
interest (Ahmed et al. 2009; Iqbal et al. 2010). In-depth investigations of many
workers on fungus like Aspergillus spp. revealed that different temperature optima is
required for similar genus of the same fungus (Akinyele et al. 2013).
Temperature optima of A. terreus to produce cellulase were established as 28
C
(Shahriarinour et al. 2011). According to Srilakshmi et al. (2017), growth, extracellular protein and cellulase production from Purpureocillium lilacinum successively
inclined to 30
C and declined at further elevated temperatures. Around 1.8 times
higher CMCase (1.62 U/ml), production by A. humicola was achieved in the
medium amended with COA as compared to the enzyme production COA lacking
medium (0.91 U/ml) at 37
C (Nipa et al. 2006). Gilna and Khaleel (2011) proved
that 32
C supported maximum cellulase activity by Aspergillus fumigates when
inoculated on the right choice of lignocellulosic refuse when liquid state is
maintained. The steady drop in the biocatalyst synthesis beyond optimum temperature may be attributed to transfiguration of the enzymes and cell growth arrest
(Shazia et al. 2010). It was observed that cellulase production by Aspergillus
fumigates gradually increased from 25
C and catch up to maximum (CMCase
2.36 IU/ml, FPase 0.256 IU/ml) at 30
C. Further elevated temperatures resulted in
immoderate fall in cellulase production (Sarkar and Aikat 2014). Studies on thermophilic fungi by Kawamori et al. (1987) disclosed that the cultivation of
11 Significance of Process Parameters on Fungal Cellulase Production
307