Table 9.1a
Comparison of different biogas upgrading technologies: physical/chemical methods
Methods
Economic indicators
Technological indicators
Environmental indicators Operational indicators
References
IC
€/year
OC
ct/100
m
3
h
MC€/
year
CH
4
purity
%
H
2 S
removal
N
2 /O
2
removal
H
2 O
used
m
3
/
year
Energy
utility
CH
4
loss
%
P Bar g
T
C
Consumables
PLR %
PWS
1,000,000 14
15,000 95–98 Yes
No
600
0.2–0.5
kWh/Nm
3
<2
4–8
2 5
–40
Antifouling
and drying
agent
50–100 Sahota et al. (2018) and
Angelidaki et al. (2018)
OPS
1,000,000 13.8
39,000 93–98 Yes
No
Nil
0.10–0.33
kWh/Nm
3
<4
4–8
7 0
–80
Organic
solvent
50–100 Sahota et al. (2018) and
Angelidaki et al. (2018)
AS
2,000,000 14.4
59,000 >98
Contaminant
No
90–180 0.05–0.18
kWh/Nm
3
<0. 0
120–160 Amine
solution
50–100 Sahota et al. (2018) and
Angelidaki et al. (2018)
PSA
1,750,000 12.8
56,000 >96–98 Yes
Yes
–
0.16–0.43
kWh/Nm
3
<3% 4–7
Low
Activated
carbon
85–115 Sahota et al. (2018),
Zhao et al. (2010) and
Angelidaki et al. (2018)
TSA
High
VSA
Atmospheric
pressure
Low
PMT
2,000,000 10.8–15.8 25,000 90–99 Yes
Partial Less
0.18–0.35
kWh/Nm
3
<5
4–7
–
Oil and
activated
carbon
50–105 Vrboba and Karel
(2017), Sahota et al.
(2018) and Angelidaki
et al. (2018)
CT
High
99
Yes
Yes
300
0.18–0.25
kWh/Nm
3
<0.1 80 bar
À196
–
Yes
Porpatham et al. (2018),
Bauer et al. (2013a, b),
Deublen and Steinhauser
(2010), Sahota et al.
(2018), Angelidaki et al.
(2018), Ryckebosch
et al. (2011), Munoz
et al. (2015)
(continued)