following improvisation, the algal strain can be the most effective biological tool for
the enhanced biofuel production and can thus be an effective step toward greener and
cleaner environment.
8.9
Conclusion
The microalgae can be an effective solution for the ever-increasing environmental
problems, as it neither competes with the food stock nor the land area as in case of
F
st GB and S
nd GB. The T
rd GB along with the combination of F
th
GB can be a turning
point from the global prospect and can help address the issues associated with the
biofuel industries as well as other biotechnological application. However, intense
research is required to apply the effectiveness of the microalgae beyond the
laboratories, and only then can the vision of “clean and green” environment be
accomplished.
Acknowledgments PV is thankful to DBT (Grant No. BT/304/NE/TBP/2012; Grant
No. BT/PR7333/PBD/26/373/2012), and KA and AB are thankful to Central University of
Rajasthan, Ajmer, India, for providing the financial support.
Competing Interests All the authors declare that they have no competing interests.
References
Adam F, Abert-Vian M, Peltier G, Chemat F (2012) “Solvent-free” ultrasound-assisted extraction
of lipids from fresh microalgae cells: A green, clean and scalable process. Bioresour Technol
114:457–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.096
Adeniyi OM, Azimov U, Burluka A (2018) Algae biofuel: current status and future applications.
Renew Sust Energ Rev 90:316–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.067
Al-lwayzy SH, Yusaf T, Al-Juboori RA (2014) Biofuels from the fresh water microalgae Chlorella
vulgaris (FWM-CV) for diesel engines. Energies 7:1829–1851. https://doi.org/10.3390/
en7031829
Anandarajah K, Mahendraperumal G, Sommerfeld M, Hu Q (2012) Characterization of microalga
Nannochloropsis sp. mutants for improved production of biofuels. Appl Energy 96:371–377.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.02.057
Andrade MR, Costa JAV (2007) Mixotrophic cultivation of microalga Spirulina platensis using
molasses as organic substrate. Aquaculture 264:130–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.
2006.11.021
Ariede MB, Candido TM, Jacome ALM, Velasco MVR, de Carvalho JCM, Baby AR (2017)
Cosmetic attributes of algae – a review. Algal Res 25:483–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.
2017.05.019
Bahadar A, Khan MB (2013) Progress in energy from microalgae: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev
27:128–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.06.029
Barrow C, Shahidi F (2008) Marine nutraceuticals and functional foods. CRC Press/Taylor &
Francis Group, Boca Raton
Basu P (2010) Biomass gasification and pyrolysis: practical design and theory. Academic press,
Amsterdam
230
K. Agrawal et al.
the enhanced biofuel production and can thus be an effective step toward greener and
cleaner environment.
8.9
Conclusion
The microalgae can be an effective solution for the ever-increasing environmental
problems, as it neither competes with the food stock nor the land area as in case of
F
st GB and S
nd GB. The T
rd GB along with the combination of F
th
GB can be a turning
point from the global prospect and can help address the issues associated with the
biofuel industries as well as other biotechnological application. However, intense
research is required to apply the effectiveness of the microalgae beyond the
laboratories, and only then can the vision of “clean and green” environment be
accomplished.
Acknowledgments PV is thankful to DBT (Grant No. BT/304/NE/TBP/2012; Grant
No. BT/PR7333/PBD/26/373/2012), and KA and AB are thankful to Central University of
Rajasthan, Ajmer, India, for providing the financial support.
Competing Interests All the authors declare that they have no competing interests.
References
Adam F, Abert-Vian M, Peltier G, Chemat F (2012) “Solvent-free” ultrasound-assisted extraction
of lipids from fresh microalgae cells: A green, clean and scalable process. Bioresour Technol
114:457–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.096
Adeniyi OM, Azimov U, Burluka A (2018) Algae biofuel: current status and future applications.
Renew Sust Energ Rev 90:316–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.067
Al-lwayzy SH, Yusaf T, Al-Juboori RA (2014) Biofuels from the fresh water microalgae Chlorella
vulgaris (FWM-CV) for diesel engines. Energies 7:1829–1851. https://doi.org/10.3390/
en7031829
Anandarajah K, Mahendraperumal G, Sommerfeld M, Hu Q (2012) Characterization of microalga
Nannochloropsis sp. mutants for improved production of biofuels. Appl Energy 96:371–377.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.02.057
Andrade MR, Costa JAV (2007) Mixotrophic cultivation of microalga Spirulina platensis using
molasses as organic substrate. Aquaculture 264:130–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.
2006.11.021
Ariede MB, Candido TM, Jacome ALM, Velasco MVR, de Carvalho JCM, Baby AR (2017)
Cosmetic attributes of algae – a review. Algal Res 25:483–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.
2017.05.019
Bahadar A, Khan MB (2013) Progress in energy from microalgae: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev
27:128–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.06.029
Barrow C, Shahidi F (2008) Marine nutraceuticals and functional foods. CRC Press/Taylor &
Francis Group, Boca Raton
Basu P (2010) Biomass gasification and pyrolysis: practical design and theory. Academic press,
Amsterdam
230
K. Agrawal et al.