Bioethanol Production: Generation-Based
Comparative Status Measurements
7
Bikash Kumar, Nisha Bhardwaj, Komal Agrawal, and Pradeep Verma
Abstract
Bioethanol is a major renewable biofuel obtained from different waste biomass. It
can potentially substitute the depleting and pollution-causing fossil fuels. It can
endow with energy security along with environmental protection over fossil fuels.
Biofuels can be classified into four different generations (G), i.e., first generation
(1G), second generation (2G), third generation (3G), and fourth generation
(4G) based on the groups of feedstocks used. Bioethanol can be produced from
all groups of feedstocks; therefore, ethanol obtained from respective group can be
named after that generation, i.e., 1G-, 2G-, 3G-, and 4G-based bioethanol.
Different microorganisms which can efficiently convert waste biomass into
bioethanol are studied, and several biotechnological techniques have been
applied for enhancing the production. Similarly, different pretreatment
technologies, fermentation processes, and experimental design have been
implemented for maximally utilizing the waste and converting it to bioethanol.
There are several factors which affect various steps of bioethanol production
which affect the final ethanol yield. Therefore, this chapter gives an insight onto
current status measurements of 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G bioethanol production with a
focus on using different feedstock and associated technologies, role of
microorganisms, factors affecting overall bioethanol production, and current
global scenario along with limitations and future prospects.
Keywords
Bioethanol · Biomass · Status measurements
B. Kumar · N. Bhardwaj · K. Agrawal · P. Verma (*)
Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of
Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
e-mail: pradeepverma@curaj.ac.in
# Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
N. Srivastava et al. (eds.), Biofuel Production Technologies: Critical Analysis
for Sustainability, Clean Energy Production Technologies,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8637-4_7
155
Comparative Status Measurements
7
Bikash Kumar, Nisha Bhardwaj, Komal Agrawal, and Pradeep Verma
Abstract
Bioethanol is a major renewable biofuel obtained from different waste biomass. It
can potentially substitute the depleting and pollution-causing fossil fuels. It can
endow with energy security along with environmental protection over fossil fuels.
Biofuels can be classified into four different generations (G), i.e., first generation
(1G), second generation (2G), third generation (3G), and fourth generation
(4G) based on the groups of feedstocks used. Bioethanol can be produced from
all groups of feedstocks; therefore, ethanol obtained from respective group can be
named after that generation, i.e., 1G-, 2G-, 3G-, and 4G-based bioethanol.
Different microorganisms which can efficiently convert waste biomass into
bioethanol are studied, and several biotechnological techniques have been
applied for enhancing the production. Similarly, different pretreatment
technologies, fermentation processes, and experimental design have been
implemented for maximally utilizing the waste and converting it to bioethanol.
There are several factors which affect various steps of bioethanol production
which affect the final ethanol yield. Therefore, this chapter gives an insight onto
current status measurements of 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G bioethanol production with a
focus on using different feedstock and associated technologies, role of
microorganisms, factors affecting overall bioethanol production, and current
global scenario along with limitations and future prospects.
Keywords
Bioethanol · Biomass · Status measurements
B. Kumar · N. Bhardwaj · K. Agrawal · P. Verma (*)
Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of
Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
e-mail: pradeepverma@curaj.ac.in
# Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
N. Srivastava et al. (eds.), Biofuel Production Technologies: Critical Analysis
for Sustainability, Clean Energy Production Technologies,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8637-4_7
155