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T. Bratec et al.
built/integrated in France. Two scenarios are considered for the annual production
capacity: 1 t (minimum) and 100 t (maximum).
First, in order to identify study territories, three French regions should be chosen for the potential biorefinery installation/integration. Thus, we analyzed the 13
French regions in terms of their bioeconomy strategy (led by local public and private actors), biomass potential, scientific and technical capital, presence of different
industrial complexes as well as already-present biorefineries and transport infrastructure. According to the analysis, the regions were classified into three groups: (1)
Regions of high development, (2) Regions of medium development and (3) Regions
of poor development. The regions of the first group are characterized by an excellent
bioeconomy strategy, they have significant technical and scientific potential and a
well-developed industrial sector as well as transport infrastructure. In the regions of
the second group, the bioeconomy strategy is less developed, technical and scientific
sectors are quite well developed, but the industries in the biomass sector are rare.
The regions of the third group have a poorly developed bioeconomy strategy, limited biomass potential as well as scientific, technical and industrial sectors. To study
regions at different development levels, we decided to select one region from each
group. In addition, we avoided selecting neighboring regions in order to differentiate
the geophysical parameters of studied territories.
Within this paper, only one region of the three selected will be discussed—The
Grand Est region (a region of high development), located in the east of the country.
The region is one of the European leaders in terms of bioeconomy strategy with welldeveloped economic, innovation and internationalization plans. Various universities,
research and technology centers, innovative platforms, industrial complexes working in the field of bioeconomy/biorefinery as well as renewable sources are located
here. The region possesses the Bazancourt Pomacle biorefinery, an archetypal territorial biorefinery and an example of industrial ecology, representing a network of
connections between different biorefinery territorial actors (Bioeconomy in European regions 2017). The regional monitoring and observatory of ID ChampagneArdennes have produced regional biorefinery maps (https://id-champagne-ardenne.
fr/en/bioeconomy-potential-grand-est-region-maps), showing its bioeconomy potential. The maps are based on different themes: abundant feedstock, industrial partners
in biomass production and processing (agro-industry, wine, wood, chemical industries, textile and plastics processing), research and development centers and experimental platforms. Three sites representing three case studies have been chosen within
this region to evaluate which one of them could be the most appropriate biorefinery
location in terms of its environmental, social and economic performances (Fig. 1).
Site selection is based on the already existing biomass production and processing
industries in the chemical sector, as well as research and development centers and
experimental platforms in the region (see regional biorefinery maps). Site 1 is located
in the industrial zone of the Bazancourt Pomacle biorefinery. Thus, the integration
of the chemical process into an already existing industrial facility is considered.
There are numerous research and development centers, as well as several experimental platforms located here. Site 2 is located far from any existing industries,
development and research centers and experimental platforms as well as main trans-
T. Bratec et al.
built/integrated in France. Two scenarios are considered for the annual production
capacity: 1 t (minimum) and 100 t (maximum).
First, in order to identify study territories, three French regions should be chosen for the potential biorefinery installation/integration. Thus, we analyzed the 13
French regions in terms of their bioeconomy strategy (led by local public and private actors), biomass potential, scientific and technical capital, presence of different
industrial complexes as well as already-present biorefineries and transport infrastructure. According to the analysis, the regions were classified into three groups: (1)
Regions of high development, (2) Regions of medium development and (3) Regions
of poor development. The regions of the first group are characterized by an excellent
bioeconomy strategy, they have significant technical and scientific potential and a
well-developed industrial sector as well as transport infrastructure. In the regions of
the second group, the bioeconomy strategy is less developed, technical and scientific
sectors are quite well developed, but the industries in the biomass sector are rare.
The regions of the third group have a poorly developed bioeconomy strategy, limited biomass potential as well as scientific, technical and industrial sectors. To study
regions at different development levels, we decided to select one region from each
group. In addition, we avoided selecting neighboring regions in order to differentiate
the geophysical parameters of studied territories.
Within this paper, only one region of the three selected will be discussed—The
Grand Est region (a region of high development), located in the east of the country.
The region is one of the European leaders in terms of bioeconomy strategy with welldeveloped economic, innovation and internationalization plans. Various universities,
research and technology centers, innovative platforms, industrial complexes working in the field of bioeconomy/biorefinery as well as renewable sources are located
here. The region possesses the Bazancourt Pomacle biorefinery, an archetypal territorial biorefinery and an example of industrial ecology, representing a network of
connections between different biorefinery territorial actors (Bioeconomy in European regions 2017). The regional monitoring and observatory of ID ChampagneArdennes have produced regional biorefinery maps (https://id-champagne-ardenne.
fr/en/bioeconomy-potential-grand-est-region-maps), showing its bioeconomy potential. The maps are based on different themes: abundant feedstock, industrial partners
in biomass production and processing (agro-industry, wine, wood, chemical industries, textile and plastics processing), research and development centers and experimental platforms. Three sites representing three case studies have been chosen within
this region to evaluate which one of them could be the most appropriate biorefinery
location in terms of its environmental, social and economic performances (Fig. 1).
Site selection is based on the already existing biomass production and processing
industries in the chemical sector, as well as research and development centers and
experimental platforms in the region (see regional biorefinery maps). Site 1 is located
in the industrial zone of the Bazancourt Pomacle biorefinery. Thus, the integration
of the chemical process into an already existing industrial facility is considered.
There are numerous research and development centers, as well as several experimental platforms located here. Site 2 is located far from any existing industries,
development and research centers and experimental platforms as well as main trans-