Economic Complexity and the Environment: Evidence from Brazil
41
Table 12
Descriptive statistics
Variables
N
Mean
SD
Min.
Max.
Sulphur dioxide (avg. concentration)
54
9.037
4.829
0
25
Sulphur dioxide (max. concentration)
59
148.8
229.4
14
1395
Nitrogen dioxide (avg. concentration)
47
34.13
17.84
7
83
Nitrogen dioxide (max. concentration)
52
261.1
142.0
82
716
TSP (avg. concentration)
42
88.36
70.83
36
328
TSP (max. concentration)
43
380.7
287.3
89
1379
PM10 (avg. concentration)
47
34.34
13.69
16
72
PM10 (max. concentration)
54
167.5
71.13
59
420
Carbon monoxide (max. concentration)
54
8571
3515
3557
21,641
Ozone (max. concentration)
54
228.7
149.7
97
1081
ECI
72
0.292
0.700
−0.621
2.104
(ECI) 2
72
0.568
1.223
1.12e−06
4.428
GDP p.c.
64
11.28
4.784
5.386
24.36
(GDP p.c.) 2
64
149.9
142.2
29.01
593.3
Population density
64
953.3
856.2
38.73
2489
Urbanisation
56
56.36
45.09
9.419
161.0
Trade openness
72
0.399
0.411
0.0192
2.468
Higher education
56
47.97
4.758
39.51
58.43
Panel: air pollution