26
J. Swart and L. Brinkmann
Table 4
Maximum carbon monoxide concentrations (fixed effects estimation)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Dependent variable: maximum carbon dioxide concentrations
ECI
−0.0651
0.361
0.303
0.368
0.393
0.382
0.380
0.386
0.449
0.183
(0.152)
(0.442)
(0.306)
(0.437)
(0.359)
(0.246)
(0.291)
(0.238)
(0.272)
(0.197)
(ECI) 2
0.456
0.302
(0.292)
(0.340)
GDP p.c.
−6.223
−1.059
−1.886
−1.028
0.187
−0.559
0.378
0.747
−0.156
(9.626)
(0.716)
(1.051)
(0.809)
(0.745)
(0.692)
(0.865)
(1.175)
(12.99)
(GDP p.c.) 2
10.20
1.332
(23.66)
(31.91)
Population density
−2.175
2.099
1.444
(1.404)
(2.731)
(1.655)
Urbanisation
0.113
−0.0683 0.0932
(0.384)
(0.471)
(0.798)
Trade openness
−0.190**
−0.0365 −0.0172 −0.0546
(0.0586)
(0.159)
(0.151)
(0.148)
Year
−0.0738**
−0.0973 −0.136
−0.107
(0.0227)
(0.0799)
(0.0909)
(0.0956)
−0.0327* 0.0156
0.0130
0.0143
Higher education
(0.0131)
(0.0277)
(0.0319)
(0.0307)
(continued)