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C. L. Strapazzon and C. B. Wandscheer
promoting articulation between public agencies and entities of the federative units.
Despite such conceptual evolution, up to February 2019, the only relevant action
identified was the launch of the ODS Brazil Award.
The second significant measure is the Decree 9.203(2017), which has created the
Intergovernmental Committee on Governance (IGC), with the purpose of advising
the President of the Republic to implement a governance policy to the federal level
of administration. It is an important breakthrough regarding the harmonization of
policies at the federal level, but the Committee does not involve States and Municipalities.
By analysing these findings, one may see that Presidential Decrees in fact concentrate the regulation of sustainability. Yet, in democratic regimes such instruments
are anything but complements, not real laws. Indeed, Decrees exist toward “detailing
or complementing voids and gaps of the laws” (Pacheco 2013, p. 12).
3 Four Cycles and Nineteen Development Plans
For some decades now, national development has been an open subject upon the
political arena in Brazil. This somehow reflects historical theoretical conflicts as
well as the lack of consensus to set forth such idea as a Constitutional value. In fact,
national and regional development were given the status of Constitutional value only
in the midst of the sixties.
8 Indeed, political decision of creating national plans to
achieve one or other assumption of development is rooted in the middle of the 20th
century (Singer 1977; Bielschowsky 2000). For the purpose of this paper, it would
be helpful recognize at least 4 different cycles of development plans, as explained.
The first cycle of national development plans began in 1946 up to 1964. It encompass the phase of so called conservative modernization (Moore and Barrington 1966)
as it aimed at preparing the country for a so-called great transition: from an oldfashioned fragmented agrarian, catholic society towards an plural, urbanized, agriindustrial as well as politically populist society. There were 3 National Development
Plans within this cycle. The I PND-National Development Plan, called Plano Salte,
1946–1950, followed by the Targets Plan (1956–1960) and 1961–1964, the Triennial
Plan of economic and social development. The priorities of this moment were the
expansion of industrialization, notably the agribusiness, the formation of national
industrial capital, with intense participation of the State both as a fund agent and regulator. Development was decoupled from liberal laissez-faire as well as social welfare
and protection of the environment. Such connections were not on the agenda. This
cycle generated an annual average level of 7.4% GDP growth.
8 See Art. 8°., XIII, Art. 65§6°., Art. 157, V; (Constitution 1967); Art. 8, V and XIV; Art. 21§4°,
Art. 43, IV; Art. 63; Art. 160 (Constitutional Revision, 1969, Amendment n. 1). All of these norms,
more or less, deal with regional and national development plans, economic development, balanced
national development, rules to fund development.
C. L. Strapazzon and C. B. Wandscheer
promoting articulation between public agencies and entities of the federative units.
Despite such conceptual evolution, up to February 2019, the only relevant action
identified was the launch of the ODS Brazil Award.
The second significant measure is the Decree 9.203(2017), which has created the
Intergovernmental Committee on Governance (IGC), with the purpose of advising
the President of the Republic to implement a governance policy to the federal level
of administration. It is an important breakthrough regarding the harmonization of
policies at the federal level, but the Committee does not involve States and Municipalities.
By analysing these findings, one may see that Presidential Decrees in fact concentrate the regulation of sustainability. Yet, in democratic regimes such instruments
are anything but complements, not real laws. Indeed, Decrees exist toward “detailing
or complementing voids and gaps of the laws” (Pacheco 2013, p. 12).
3 Four Cycles and Nineteen Development Plans
For some decades now, national development has been an open subject upon the
political arena in Brazil. This somehow reflects historical theoretical conflicts as
well as the lack of consensus to set forth such idea as a Constitutional value. In fact,
national and regional development were given the status of Constitutional value only
in the midst of the sixties.
8 Indeed, political decision of creating national plans to
achieve one or other assumption of development is rooted in the middle of the 20th
century (Singer 1977; Bielschowsky 2000). For the purpose of this paper, it would
be helpful recognize at least 4 different cycles of development plans, as explained.
The first cycle of national development plans began in 1946 up to 1964. It encompass the phase of so called conservative modernization (Moore and Barrington 1966)
as it aimed at preparing the country for a so-called great transition: from an oldfashioned fragmented agrarian, catholic society towards an plural, urbanized, agriindustrial as well as politically populist society. There were 3 National Development
Plans within this cycle. The I PND-National Development Plan, called Plano Salte,
1946–1950, followed by the Targets Plan (1956–1960) and 1961–1964, the Triennial
Plan of economic and social development. The priorities of this moment were the
expansion of industrialization, notably the agribusiness, the formation of national
industrial capital, with intense participation of the State both as a fund agent and regulator. Development was decoupled from liberal laissez-faire as well as social welfare
and protection of the environment. Such connections were not on the agenda. This
cycle generated an annual average level of 7.4% GDP growth.
8 See Art. 8°., XIII, Art. 65§6°., Art. 157, V; (Constitution 1967); Art. 8, V and XIV; Art. 21§4°,
Art. 43, IV; Art. 63; Art. 160 (Constitutional Revision, 1969, Amendment n. 1). All of these norms,
more or less, deal with regional and national development plans, economic development, balanced
national development, rules to fund development.