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J. F. Guidolini et al.
1 Introduction
Sustainable development requires meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs “(Brundtland 1987).
Sustainability comprises three “pillars” or “subsystems”, namely the environment,
economy and society (Huang et al. 2015). In order to achieve sustainable development, the United Nations created “The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”,
which consists of 17 sustainable development goals and 169 targets to be met by all
countries by 2030. These objectives include “Ensuring the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all” or the “Objective for Sustainable
Development 6 (SDG 6)”.
According to Brazilian Law nº. 11445/2007, which establishes national guidelines for basic sanitation, basic sanitation in Brazil is defined by a set of services,
infrastructures and operational facilities, comprising:
(a) Drinking water supply: constituted by the activities, infrastructures and facilities necessary for the public supply of drinking water, from capture to building
connections and measuring instruments;
(b) Sanitary sewage: constituted by the activities, infrastructures and operational
facilities for adequate collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of sanitary sewage, from the building connections to its final release into the environment;
(c) Urban cleaning and solid waste management: a set of activities, infrastructures
and operational facilities for collection, transportation, transshipment, treatment and final destination of household waste and garbage originating from the
sweeping and cleaning of public places and streets;
(d) Drainage and management of urban storm water: a set of activities, infrastructure and operational facilities for urban drainage of rainwater, transportation,
holding or retention for damping of flood flows, treatment and final disposal of
rainwater drained in urban areas (Brasil 2007).
Law nº. 11445/2007 is guided by five principles: (1) Universalization—access
to all goods and services produced by society, (2) Equity—overcoming avoidable,
unnecessary and unfair differences, (3) Integrality—components of each of the various basic sanitation services, providing the population with access to the conformity
of their needs and maximizing the effectiveness of actions and results, (4) Intersectoriality—linking analyses, plans, programs, decisions and actions to territories, and
(5) Sustainability—integration of environmental, economic, social and governance
variables that interfere with the sanitation sector.
In order to achieve the effectiveness of Law nº. 11445/2007 based on its guiding
principles and achieve the sustainable development goal six (SDG6) by 2030 (ONU
BR 2018), it is fundamental to apply sustainability analysis methods or tools to advise
planning actions and decision-making. In this scenario, indicators are excellent tools
for assessing progress towards sustainable development. In addition, working with
indicators is recommended by researchers, decision-makers, and international institutions. However, sustainability is an approach that requires integration between
J. F. Guidolini et al.
1 Introduction
Sustainable development requires meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs “(Brundtland 1987).
Sustainability comprises three “pillars” or “subsystems”, namely the environment,
economy and society (Huang et al. 2015). In order to achieve sustainable development, the United Nations created “The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”,
which consists of 17 sustainable development goals and 169 targets to be met by all
countries by 2030. These objectives include “Ensuring the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all” or the “Objective for Sustainable
Development 6 (SDG 6)”.
According to Brazilian Law nº. 11445/2007, which establishes national guidelines for basic sanitation, basic sanitation in Brazil is defined by a set of services,
infrastructures and operational facilities, comprising:
(a) Drinking water supply: constituted by the activities, infrastructures and facilities necessary for the public supply of drinking water, from capture to building
connections and measuring instruments;
(b) Sanitary sewage: constituted by the activities, infrastructures and operational
facilities for adequate collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of sanitary sewage, from the building connections to its final release into the environment;
(c) Urban cleaning and solid waste management: a set of activities, infrastructures
and operational facilities for collection, transportation, transshipment, treatment and final destination of household waste and garbage originating from the
sweeping and cleaning of public places and streets;
(d) Drainage and management of urban storm water: a set of activities, infrastructure and operational facilities for urban drainage of rainwater, transportation,
holding or retention for damping of flood flows, treatment and final disposal of
rainwater drained in urban areas (Brasil 2007).
Law nº. 11445/2007 is guided by five principles: (1) Universalization—access
to all goods and services produced by society, (2) Equity—overcoming avoidable,
unnecessary and unfair differences, (3) Integrality—components of each of the various basic sanitation services, providing the population with access to the conformity
of their needs and maximizing the effectiveness of actions and results, (4) Intersectoriality—linking analyses, plans, programs, decisions and actions to territories, and
(5) Sustainability—integration of environmental, economic, social and governance
variables that interfere with the sanitation sector.
In order to achieve the effectiveness of Law nº. 11445/2007 based on its guiding
principles and achieve the sustainable development goal six (SDG6) by 2030 (ONU
BR 2018), it is fundamental to apply sustainability analysis methods or tools to advise
planning actions and decision-making. In this scenario, indicators are excellent tools
for assessing progress towards sustainable development. In addition, working with
indicators is recommended by researchers, decision-makers, and international institutions. However, sustainability is an approach that requires integration between