134
Table 6.13 also showed that more governorates attain surplus in wheat production. These governorates are Behira, Kafr El-Sheik, Dakhlia and Sharkia in Lower
Egypt, Beni sweif, Fayoum and Minya in Middle Egypt, and Assuit and New Valley
in Upper Egypt.
6.5 Wheat Water Productivity Under the Studied Production
Alternatives
Wheat water productivity under the five production alternatives are presented in
Table 6.14. Under production alternative (1), namely wheat traditional cultivation,
the lowest values of water productivity was attained. Cultivation on raised beds
(production alternative 2) increased the values of water productivity as a result of
producing more wheat seeds with the same amount of irrigation water applied under
traditional cultivation. Similarly, the values of water productivity under application
of deficit irrigation on raised beds (production alternative 3) was higher than its
value under cultivation on raised beds, as a result of adding new area to the total
cultivated area of wheat and using the same amount of irrigation water applied
under traditional cultivation.
In production alternative (4), the amount of water use to irrigate wheat under
traditional cultivation was used to produce wheat under application of deficit irrigation on raised beds. In addition, wheat produced from implementing its intercropping systems did not use any extra irrigation water because it used the water applied
to the main crop in the intercropping systems. Therefore, water productivity of
wheat was the highest under production alternative (4). Regarding production alternative (5), where wheat total production attained from application of deficit
irrigation on raised beds, intercropping systems and using the saved water from the
four winter crops to produce more wheat seeds, water productivity values were
lower than its counterpart values under production alternative (4) because more
water was involved in wheat production.
The results in Table 6.14 also indicated that the overall average of wheat water
productivity values on all the studied governorates were 0.97, 1.21, 1.28, 1.97 and
1.85 kg/m
3
for production alternative 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively.
6.6 Conclusion
In this chapter, we quantified the effect of the interaction application of deficit irrigation to wheat grown on raised beds, implementing intercropping systems and
using the saved water from application of deficit irrigation to Egyptian clover, sugar
beet, onion and winter tomato to cultivate more areas with wheat. Our results
showed wheat total production will be increased 100%, compared to its value under
A. E.-H. Zohry and S. Ouda
Table 6.13 also showed that more governorates attain surplus in wheat production. These governorates are Behira, Kafr El-Sheik, Dakhlia and Sharkia in Lower
Egypt, Beni sweif, Fayoum and Minya in Middle Egypt, and Assuit and New Valley
in Upper Egypt.
6.5 Wheat Water Productivity Under the Studied Production
Alternatives
Wheat water productivity under the five production alternatives are presented in
Table 6.14. Under production alternative (1), namely wheat traditional cultivation,
the lowest values of water productivity was attained. Cultivation on raised beds
(production alternative 2) increased the values of water productivity as a result of
producing more wheat seeds with the same amount of irrigation water applied under
traditional cultivation. Similarly, the values of water productivity under application
of deficit irrigation on raised beds (production alternative 3) was higher than its
value under cultivation on raised beds, as a result of adding new area to the total
cultivated area of wheat and using the same amount of irrigation water applied
under traditional cultivation.
In production alternative (4), the amount of water use to irrigate wheat under
traditional cultivation was used to produce wheat under application of deficit irrigation on raised beds. In addition, wheat produced from implementing its intercropping systems did not use any extra irrigation water because it used the water applied
to the main crop in the intercropping systems. Therefore, water productivity of
wheat was the highest under production alternative (4). Regarding production alternative (5), where wheat total production attained from application of deficit
irrigation on raised beds, intercropping systems and using the saved water from the
four winter crops to produce more wheat seeds, water productivity values were
lower than its counterpart values under production alternative (4) because more
water was involved in wheat production.
The results in Table 6.14 also indicated that the overall average of wheat water
productivity values on all the studied governorates were 0.97, 1.21, 1.28, 1.97 and
1.85 kg/m
3
for production alternative 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively.
6.6 Conclusion
In this chapter, we quantified the effect of the interaction application of deficit irrigation to wheat grown on raised beds, implementing intercropping systems and
using the saved water from application of deficit irrigation to Egyptian clover, sugar
beet, onion and winter tomato to cultivate more areas with wheat. Our results
showed wheat total production will be increased 100%, compared to its value under
A. E.-H. Zohry and S. Ouda