the period of 4 months into the three boreholes situated perpendicularly to the
groundwater flow. In the second step, the whey was applied a few months later
using a circulation system resulting in 60 mg/L of TOC in the groundwater. The
application of nZVI caused a decrease in the redox to below À400 mV, subsequently
stabilized at 50–100 mV after the injection of whey. The evolution of chlorinated
volatile organic compounds concentration during the pilot test is presented in
Figs. 2.11 and 2.12.
Another pilot application of NANOFER particles was performed in South Korea
(Ahn et al. 2016). nZVI was injected into the groundwater in order to treat TCE
source in the aquifer of the Road Maintenance Office. Except the evaluation of the
nZVI effectivity in the groundwater, the authors focused on the effect of nitrate and
DO on TCE reduction and studied also reactive lifetime of injected nZVI particles.
The application resulted in removal of >95% of the total TCE in 60 days. The
Fig. 2.11 Evolution of chlorinated VOCs (CHCs) concentration in the groundwater (a) before and
(b) after the first nZVI application (adapted from Němeček et al. 2016 with permission)
Fig. 2.12 Evolution of CVOCs (CHCs) concentration in the groundwater (a) before and (b) after
the second nZVI application (adapted from Němeček et al. 2016 with permission)
2 Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Particles for Water Treatment: From Basic. . .
43
groundwater flow. In the second step, the whey was applied a few months later
using a circulation system resulting in 60 mg/L of TOC in the groundwater. The
application of nZVI caused a decrease in the redox to below À400 mV, subsequently
stabilized at 50–100 mV after the injection of whey. The evolution of chlorinated
volatile organic compounds concentration during the pilot test is presented in
Figs. 2.11 and 2.12.
Another pilot application of NANOFER particles was performed in South Korea
(Ahn et al. 2016). nZVI was injected into the groundwater in order to treat TCE
source in the aquifer of the Road Maintenance Office. Except the evaluation of the
nZVI effectivity in the groundwater, the authors focused on the effect of nitrate and
DO on TCE reduction and studied also reactive lifetime of injected nZVI particles.
The application resulted in removal of >95% of the total TCE in 60 days. The
Fig. 2.11 Evolution of chlorinated VOCs (CHCs) concentration in the groundwater (a) before and
(b) after the first nZVI application (adapted from Němeček et al. 2016 with permission)
Fig. 2.12 Evolution of CVOCs (CHCs) concentration in the groundwater (a) before and (b) after
the second nZVI application (adapted from Němeček et al. 2016 with permission)
2 Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Particles for Water Treatment: From Basic. . .
43