Table 11.4 Selected results obtained for the hetero-EF treatment of several organic pollutants
using undivided cells with suspended nanostructured catalysts in solution
Nanocatalyst Substrate
Experimental remarks Best performance Ref.
Fe 3 O 4
Reactive Blue
19
200 mL of 100 mg/L
dye in 0.05 M
Na 2 SO 4 , 1 g/L catalyst, pH ¼ 3.0,
Fe/ACF cell,
I ¼ 120 mA
87% TOC
removal
(120 min)
He et al. (2014)
Acid Red 14
250 mL of 50 mg/L
substrate in 4 g/L
Na 2 SO 4 , 0.6 g/L catalyst, pH ¼ 7, graphite/
graphite cell,
I ¼ 180 mA
92% (pH ¼ 3),
83% (pH ¼ 7),
and 85%
(pH ¼ 9) color
removal
(120 min)
Es’haghzade
et al. (2017)
Pd/Fe 3 O 4
Humic acid +
Cr(VI)
200 mL of 100 mg/L
humic acid +20 mg/L
Cr(VI), 1 g/L catalyst,
pH ¼ 3.0, BDD/Pt
cell, I ¼ 40 mA
90% TOC decay
(480 min), total
removal Cr
(VI) (120 min)
Huang et al.
(2017)
Zero-valent
iron
Phenol
1 L of 200 mg/L substrate, 0.5 g/L catalyst,
500 mg/L H 2 O 2 ,
pH ¼ 6.2, SS/SS cell,
I ¼ 60 mA
88% substrate
decay (60 min)
Babuponnusami
and
Muthukumar
(2012)
Fe-C/PTFE
2,4Dichlorophenol
150 mL of 120 mg/L
substrate in 0.05 M
Na 2 SO 4 , 6 g/L catalyst, pH ¼ 6.7,
Ti/IrO 2 -RuO 2 /GDE
cell, I ¼ 100 mA
97% substrate
and 34% TOC
removals
(120 min)
Zhang et al.
(2015b)
Fe 3 O 4 /CNTs Methylene
Blue
150 mL of 0.24 mM
dye in 0.10 M
Na 2 SO 4 , 10 g/L catalyst, Ti/SnO 2 /graphite
cell, E cell ¼ 5 V
a
70% (pH ¼ 3),
73% (pH ¼ 7),
and 44%
(pH ¼ 9) color
decay (30 min)
Shen et al.
(2014)
Martite
Paraquat
100 mL of 20 mg/L
herbicide in 0.05 M
Na 2 SO 4 , 1 g/L catalyst, pH ¼ 6,
Pt/graphite cell,
I ¼ 300 mA
86% herbicide
decay (150 min)
Khataee et al.
(2017)
Fe–zeolite
Reactive Red
120
200 mL of 10 mg/L
herbicide in 0.05 M
Na 2 SO 4 , 1 g/L catalyst, pH ¼ 3, graphite/
graphite cell,
I ¼ 100 mA
94% color
removal (30 min)
Rostamizadeh
et al. (2018)
Fe 3 O 4 –
chitosan
Chlordimeform 30 mL of 37.5 mg/L
insecticide in 0.05 M
Na 2 SO 4 , 0.5 g/L
100% insecticide
decay (30 min),
Rezgui et al.
(2018)
(continued)
11 The Use of Nanomaterials in Electro-Fenton and Photoelectro-Fenton Processes
277