cathode. In contrast, this radical originates from the heterogeneous reactions in
Eqs. 11.10 and 11.11, with regeneration of the Fe
II /Co
II -OH catalyst and no metal
release, at neutral pH.
Table 11.2 Selected results obtained for the hetero-EF and hetero-PEF treatment of several organic
pollutants using undivided cells with cathodes based on Fe-loaded carbon nanomaterials
Cathode
Pollutant
Experimental remarks
Best performance
Ref.
Hetero-EF treatment
Fe/activated
carbon
Methyl
Orange
25 mL of 10 mg/L dye in
0.05 M Na 2 SO 4 , pH 3.0, Pt
anode,
E cath ¼ À0.70 V vs. Ag/AgCl
96% dye and 88%
TOC decays
(30 min)
Bañuelos
et al.
(2015)
Fe@Fe 2 O 3 /
ACF
a
Atrazine
30 mg/L herbicide in 0.05 M
Na 2 SO 4 , pH 3.0, BDD anode,
I ¼ 30 mA
100% substrate
decay (60 min),
87% TOC decay
(240 min)
Ding
et al.
(2017)
Fe 2 O 3 /carbon
aerogel
b
Imidacloprid 100 mL of 200 mg/L insecticide in 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 , pH 6.9,
Pt anode, j ¼ 10 mA/cm
2
69% insecticide
decay (150 min)
Peng
et al.
(2015)
FeOOH/
AC/GF
Aramanth
d
300 mL of 80 mg/L dye in
0.2 M Na 2 SO 4 , pH 4.0, Pt
anode, E cath ¼ À0.64 V/SCE
99% dye decay
(210 min), 53%
TOC removal
(360 min)
Zhang
et al.
(2012)
Fe 3 O 4 /GDE Tetracycline 100 mL of 50 mg/L drug in
0.05 M N 2 SO 4 , pH 3.0, Pt
anode, E cath ¼ À0.80 V/SCE
100% drug, 65%
COD, and 57%
TOC reductions
(120 min)
Zhang
et al.
(2017)
Fe-cu allophane/GC
Phenol
100 mL of 0.5 mM substrate in
0.05 M Na 2 SO 4 , pH 3.0 and
5.5, Pt anode,
E cath ¼ À0.60 V vs. Ag/AgCl
100% substrate
decay at 120 min
(pH 3.0) and
240 min (pH 5.5)
GarridoRamírez
et al.
(2016)
CoFe
hydroxide/
carbon felt
c
Acid Orange
7
300 mL of 0.1 mM dye in
0.05 M Na 2 SO 4 , pH 2.0–7.1,
Pt anode, j ¼ 4.2 mA/cm
2
100% color decay
(10 min), 87% TOC
dye (120 min) at
pH 3.0
Ganiyu
et al.
(2017)
Hetero-PEF treatment
Fe/activated
carbon
Methyl
Orange
25 mL of 10 mg/L dye in
0.05 M Na 2 SO 4 , pH 3.0, Pt
anode, 75 mW/ cm
2 UVA,
E cath ¼ À0.70 V vs. Ag/AgCl
100% dye and 98%
TOC decays
(30 min)
Bañuelos
et al.
(2015)
Fe 2 O 3 /carbon
aerogel
b
Imidacloprid 100 mL of 200 mg/L insecticide in 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 , pH 6.9,
Pt anode, 500 W Xe lamp,
j ¼ 10 mA/cm
2
95% substrate
removal (150 min),
98% TOC decay
(480 min)
Peng
et al.
(2015)
a ACF—activated carbon fiber. Cathode area:
b
3, and
c 4.5 cm
2
.
d
Divided cell with 300 mL of
catholyte and 100 mL of anolyte
11 The Use of Nanomaterials in Electro-Fenton and Photoelectro-Fenton Processes
269
Eqs. 11.10 and 11.11, with regeneration of the Fe
II /Co
II -OH catalyst and no metal
release, at neutral pH.
Table 11.2 Selected results obtained for the hetero-EF and hetero-PEF treatment of several organic
pollutants using undivided cells with cathodes based on Fe-loaded carbon nanomaterials
Cathode
Pollutant
Experimental remarks
Best performance
Ref.
Hetero-EF treatment
Fe/activated
carbon
Methyl
Orange
25 mL of 10 mg/L dye in
0.05 M Na 2 SO 4 , pH 3.0, Pt
anode,
E cath ¼ À0.70 V vs. Ag/AgCl
96% dye and 88%
TOC decays
(30 min)
Bañuelos
et al.
(2015)
Fe@Fe 2 O 3 /
ACF
a
Atrazine
30 mg/L herbicide in 0.05 M
Na 2 SO 4 , pH 3.0, BDD anode,
I ¼ 30 mA
100% substrate
decay (60 min),
87% TOC decay
(240 min)
Ding
et al.
(2017)
Fe 2 O 3 /carbon
aerogel
b
Imidacloprid 100 mL of 200 mg/L insecticide in 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 , pH 6.9,
Pt anode, j ¼ 10 mA/cm
2
69% insecticide
decay (150 min)
Peng
et al.
(2015)
FeOOH/
AC/GF
Aramanth
d
300 mL of 80 mg/L dye in
0.2 M Na 2 SO 4 , pH 4.0, Pt
anode, E cath ¼ À0.64 V/SCE
99% dye decay
(210 min), 53%
TOC removal
(360 min)
Zhang
et al.
(2012)
Fe 3 O 4 /GDE Tetracycline 100 mL of 50 mg/L drug in
0.05 M N 2 SO 4 , pH 3.0, Pt
anode, E cath ¼ À0.80 V/SCE
100% drug, 65%
COD, and 57%
TOC reductions
(120 min)
Zhang
et al.
(2017)
Fe-cu allophane/GC
Phenol
100 mL of 0.5 mM substrate in
0.05 M Na 2 SO 4 , pH 3.0 and
5.5, Pt anode,
E cath ¼ À0.60 V vs. Ag/AgCl
100% substrate
decay at 120 min
(pH 3.0) and
240 min (pH 5.5)
GarridoRamírez
et al.
(2016)
CoFe
hydroxide/
carbon felt
c
Acid Orange
7
300 mL of 0.1 mM dye in
0.05 M Na 2 SO 4 , pH 2.0–7.1,
Pt anode, j ¼ 4.2 mA/cm
2
100% color decay
(10 min), 87% TOC
dye (120 min) at
pH 3.0
Ganiyu
et al.
(2017)
Hetero-PEF treatment
Fe/activated
carbon
Methyl
Orange
25 mL of 10 mg/L dye in
0.05 M Na 2 SO 4 , pH 3.0, Pt
anode, 75 mW/ cm
2 UVA,
E cath ¼ À0.70 V vs. Ag/AgCl
100% dye and 98%
TOC decays
(30 min)
Bañuelos
et al.
(2015)
Fe 2 O 3 /carbon
aerogel
b
Imidacloprid 100 mL of 200 mg/L insecticide in 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 , pH 6.9,
Pt anode, 500 W Xe lamp,
j ¼ 10 mA/cm
2
95% substrate
removal (150 min),
98% TOC decay
(480 min)
Peng
et al.
(2015)
a ACF—activated carbon fiber. Cathode area:
b
3, and
c 4.5 cm
2
.
d
Divided cell with 300 mL of
catholyte and 100 mL of anolyte
11 The Use of Nanomaterials in Electro-Fenton and Photoelectro-Fenton Processes
269