US EPA (1997) Innovative technology evaluation report: high voltage environmental applications,
Inc., Electron beam technology. EPA/540/R-96/504. National Risk Management Research
Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati
US EPA (1998) Handbook on advanced photochemical oxidation processes. EPA/625/R-98/004
Vadillo V, Sánchez-Oneto J, Portela JR, Martínez de la Ossa EJ (2013) Problems in supercritical
water oxidation process and proposed solutions. Ind Eng Chem Res 52(23):7617–7629. https://
doi.org/10.1021/ie400156c
von Gunten U (2003a) Ozonation of drinking water: Part I. Oxidation kinetics and product
formation. Water Res 37(7):1443–1467. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00457-8
von Gunten U (2003b) Ozonation of drinking water: Part II. Disinfection and by-product formation
in presence of bromide, iodide or chlorine. Water Res 37(7):1469–1487. https://doi.org/10.
1016/S0043-1354(02)00458-X
Walling C (1975) Fenton’s reagent revisited. Acc Chem Res 8(4):125–131. https://doi.org/10.1021/
ar50088a003
Wang JL, Wang JZ (2007) Application of radiation technology to sewage sludge processing: a
review. J Hazard Mater 143(1–2):2–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.027
Wang JL, Xu LJ (2012) Advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment: formation of
hydroxyl radical and application. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 42(3):251–325. https://doi.org/
10.1080/10643389.2010.507698
Warren KD, Arnold RG, Bishop TL, Lindholm LC, Betterton EA (1995) Kinetics and mechanism
of reductive dehalogenation of carbon tetrachloride using zero-valence metals. J Hazard Mater
41(2–3):217–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(94)00117-Y
Watts MJ, Linden KG (2007) Chlorine photolysis and subsequent OH radical production during
UV treatment of chlorinated water. Water Res 41(13):2871–2878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
watres.2007.03.032
Watts RJ, Stanton PC, Howsawkeng J, Teel AL (2002) Mineralization of a sorbed polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbon in two soils using catalyzed hydrogen peroxide. Water Res 36
(17):4283–4292. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00142-2
Weavers LK, Hua I, Hoffmann MR (1997) Degradation of triethanolamine and chemical oxygen
demand reduction in wastewater by photoactivated periodate. Water Environ Res 69
(6):1112–1119. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143097X125849
Wilkinson F, Helman WP, Ross AB (1993) Quantum yields for the photosensitized formation of the
lowest electronically excited singlet state of molecular oxygen in solution. J Phys Chem Ref
Data 22(1):113–262. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555934
Wojnárovits L, Takács E (2008) Irradiation treatment of azo dye containing wastewater: an
overview. Radiat Phys Chem 77(3):225–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2007.05.
003
Wojnárovits L, Takács E, Szabó L (2018) Gamma-ray and electron beam-based AOPs. In: Stefan
MI (ed) Advanced oxidation processes for water treatment: fundamentals and applications. IWA
Publishing, London, pp 241–296
Xing R, Zheng Z, Wen D (2015) Comparison between UV and VUV photolysis for the pre- and
post-treatment of coking wastewater. J Environ Sci 29:45–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.
2014.10.003
Yan YE, Schwartz FW (2000) Kinetics and mechanisms for TCE oxidation by permanganate.
Environ Sci Technol 2000(34):2535–2541. https://doi.org/10.1021/es991279q
Yang Y, Jiang J, Lu X, Ma J, Liu Y (2015) Production of sulfate radical and hydroxyl radical by
reaction of ozone with peroxymonosulfate: a novel advanced oxidation process. Environ Sci
Technol 49(12):7330–7339. https://doi.org/10.1021/es506362e
Zhang W-x (2003) Nanoscale iron particles for environmental remediation: an overview. J
Nanopart Res 5(3–4):323–332. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025520116015
Zhang Q, Chuang KT (1999) Treatment of combined bleach plant effluents via wet oxidation over a
PdÀPtÀCe/alumina catalyst. Environ Sci Technol 33(20):3641–3644. https://doi.org/10.1021/
es990063l
174
M. I. Litter
Inc., Electron beam technology. EPA/540/R-96/504. National Risk Management Research
Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati
US EPA (1998) Handbook on advanced photochemical oxidation processes. EPA/625/R-98/004
Vadillo V, Sánchez-Oneto J, Portela JR, Martínez de la Ossa EJ (2013) Problems in supercritical
water oxidation process and proposed solutions. Ind Eng Chem Res 52(23):7617–7629. https://
doi.org/10.1021/ie400156c
von Gunten U (2003a) Ozonation of drinking water: Part I. Oxidation kinetics and product
formation. Water Res 37(7):1443–1467. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00457-8
von Gunten U (2003b) Ozonation of drinking water: Part II. Disinfection and by-product formation
in presence of bromide, iodide or chlorine. Water Res 37(7):1469–1487. https://doi.org/10.
1016/S0043-1354(02)00458-X
Walling C (1975) Fenton’s reagent revisited. Acc Chem Res 8(4):125–131. https://doi.org/10.1021/
ar50088a003
Wang JL, Wang JZ (2007) Application of radiation technology to sewage sludge processing: a
review. J Hazard Mater 143(1–2):2–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.027
Wang JL, Xu LJ (2012) Advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment: formation of
hydroxyl radical and application. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 42(3):251–325. https://doi.org/
10.1080/10643389.2010.507698
Warren KD, Arnold RG, Bishop TL, Lindholm LC, Betterton EA (1995) Kinetics and mechanism
of reductive dehalogenation of carbon tetrachloride using zero-valence metals. J Hazard Mater
41(2–3):217–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(94)00117-Y
Watts MJ, Linden KG (2007) Chlorine photolysis and subsequent OH radical production during
UV treatment of chlorinated water. Water Res 41(13):2871–2878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
watres.2007.03.032
Watts RJ, Stanton PC, Howsawkeng J, Teel AL (2002) Mineralization of a sorbed polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbon in two soils using catalyzed hydrogen peroxide. Water Res 36
(17):4283–4292. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00142-2
Weavers LK, Hua I, Hoffmann MR (1997) Degradation of triethanolamine and chemical oxygen
demand reduction in wastewater by photoactivated periodate. Water Environ Res 69
(6):1112–1119. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143097X125849
Wilkinson F, Helman WP, Ross AB (1993) Quantum yields for the photosensitized formation of the
lowest electronically excited singlet state of molecular oxygen in solution. J Phys Chem Ref
Data 22(1):113–262. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555934
Wojnárovits L, Takács E (2008) Irradiation treatment of azo dye containing wastewater: an
overview. Radiat Phys Chem 77(3):225–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2007.05.
003
Wojnárovits L, Takács E, Szabó L (2018) Gamma-ray and electron beam-based AOPs. In: Stefan
MI (ed) Advanced oxidation processes for water treatment: fundamentals and applications. IWA
Publishing, London, pp 241–296
Xing R, Zheng Z, Wen D (2015) Comparison between UV and VUV photolysis for the pre- and
post-treatment of coking wastewater. J Environ Sci 29:45–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.
2014.10.003
Yan YE, Schwartz FW (2000) Kinetics and mechanisms for TCE oxidation by permanganate.
Environ Sci Technol 2000(34):2535–2541. https://doi.org/10.1021/es991279q
Yang Y, Jiang J, Lu X, Ma J, Liu Y (2015) Production of sulfate radical and hydroxyl radical by
reaction of ozone with peroxymonosulfate: a novel advanced oxidation process. Environ Sci
Technol 49(12):7330–7339. https://doi.org/10.1021/es506362e
Zhang W-x (2003) Nanoscale iron particles for environmental remediation: an overview. J
Nanopart Res 5(3–4):323–332. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025520116015
Zhang Q, Chuang KT (1999) Treatment of combined bleach plant effluents via wet oxidation over a
PdÀPtÀCe/alumina catalyst. Environ Sci Technol 33(20):3641–3644. https://doi.org/10.1021/
es990063l
174
M. I. Litter