Chapter 6
Field Study II: Pilot Application of nZVI/
DC-Combined Methods at Aargau Site
Vojtěch Stejskal, Jaroslav Nosek, Miroslav Černík, Petr Kvapil,
and Pierre Matz
Abstract Combination of nZVI and electrical field was successfully tested in laboratory and afterwards on several sites in the Czech Republic. With successful
references we went abroad to Aargau site in Switzerland (November 2017). Aargau
site is characteristic by deep aquifer with bottom in 16–17 meters of depth and 3–4 m
of thickness. It is contaminated by chlorinated ethenes in concentrations from 12 to
70 mg/L in total, (especially tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene). In Switzerland
we injected NANOFER STAR DC, a product designed for application with direct
current (DC). In total, 25 m
3 of 10 g/L nZVI was injected via packer system into
5 wells creating a permeable reactive barrier. A system of electrodes was installed
directly into the monitoring wells due to very deep groundwater level. Nine-monthlong monitoring was held on Aargau site including a tracer test confirming direction
of groundwater passing through the barrier. DC application has a positive impact on
efficiency and longevity of used nZVI particles. Permeable reactive barrier in Switzerland was able to degrade inflowing chlorinated hydrocarbons concentration in
range of 20–69 mg/L with efficiency 92–98% for first 7 months since nZVI application and up to 9 months with efficiency 74%. These results showed a significant
improvement of efficiency of this method compared to the conventional use of nZVI.
V. Stejskal (*)
Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of
Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
Photon Water Technology s.r.o., Liberec, Czech Republic
AQUATEST a.s., Prague, Czech Republic
e-mail: vojtech.stejskal@photonwater.com
J. Nosek · M. Černík
Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of
Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
AQUATEST a.s., Prague, Czech Republic
P. Kvapil
Photon Water Technology s.r.o., Liberec, Czech Republic
P. Matz
Solvay SA, Brussels, Belgium
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
J. Filip et al. (eds.), Advanced Nano-Bio Technologies for Water and Soil Treatment,
Applied Environmental Science and Engineering for a Sustainable Future,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29840-1_6
105
Field Study II: Pilot Application of nZVI/
DC-Combined Methods at Aargau Site
Vojtěch Stejskal, Jaroslav Nosek, Miroslav Černík, Petr Kvapil,
and Pierre Matz
Abstract Combination of nZVI and electrical field was successfully tested in laboratory and afterwards on several sites in the Czech Republic. With successful
references we went abroad to Aargau site in Switzerland (November 2017). Aargau
site is characteristic by deep aquifer with bottom in 16–17 meters of depth and 3–4 m
of thickness. It is contaminated by chlorinated ethenes in concentrations from 12 to
70 mg/L in total, (especially tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene). In Switzerland
we injected NANOFER STAR DC, a product designed for application with direct
current (DC). In total, 25 m
3 of 10 g/L nZVI was injected via packer system into
5 wells creating a permeable reactive barrier. A system of electrodes was installed
directly into the monitoring wells due to very deep groundwater level. Nine-monthlong monitoring was held on Aargau site including a tracer test confirming direction
of groundwater passing through the barrier. DC application has a positive impact on
efficiency and longevity of used nZVI particles. Permeable reactive barrier in Switzerland was able to degrade inflowing chlorinated hydrocarbons concentration in
range of 20–69 mg/L with efficiency 92–98% for first 7 months since nZVI application and up to 9 months with efficiency 74%. These results showed a significant
improvement of efficiency of this method compared to the conventional use of nZVI.
V. Stejskal (*)
Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of
Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
Photon Water Technology s.r.o., Liberec, Czech Republic
AQUATEST a.s., Prague, Czech Republic
e-mail: vojtech.stejskal@photonwater.com
J. Nosek · M. Černík
Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of
Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
AQUATEST a.s., Prague, Czech Republic
P. Kvapil
Photon Water Technology s.r.o., Liberec, Czech Republic
P. Matz
Solvay SA, Brussels, Belgium
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
J. Filip et al. (eds.), Advanced Nano-Bio Technologies for Water and Soil Treatment,
Applied Environmental Science and Engineering for a Sustainable Future,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29840-1_6
105