Chapter 5
Field Study I: In Situ Chemical Reduction
Using Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron
Materials to Degrade Chlorinated
Hydrocarbons
Vojtěch Stejskal and Nikola Vacková
Abstract The presented study provides comparison of three separate nZVI field
tests using NANOFER STAR, NZVI-C3, and NANOFER STAR modified by
carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). These field tests were conducted on sites contaminated with chlorinated ethenes. All three applications were performed via a directpush technique on the same site one after another. The particular groundwater was
monitored for chlorinated ethenes and their nontoxic degradation products. The test
took about 90 days in each case. The most successful material in the study was
NANOFER STAR, degrading 84% of present trichloroethene or 60% of vinyl
chloride. Other materials used in the study achieved far lower efficiency. NZVIC3, a carbon-iron material fabricated in laboratory volumes by Palacký University
Olomouc, was characteristic for the combination of reduction and sorption. Modification of nanoscale zero-valent iron particles by CMC resulted in not only higher
mobility of the material but also a significant decrease in its reactivity.
Keywords Nanoremediation · nZVI · In situ chemical reduction · Chlorinated
hydrocarbons
V. Stejskal (*)
Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of
Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
Photon Water Technology s.r.o., Liberec, Czech Republic
AQUATEST a.s., Prague, Czech Republic
e-mail: vojtech.stejskal@photonwater.com
N. Vacková
Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
AQUATEST a.s., Prague, Czech Republic
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
J. Filip et al. (eds.), Advanced Nano-Bio Technologies for Water and Soil Treatment,
Applied Environmental Science and Engineering for a Sustainable Future,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29840-1_5
87
Field Study I: In Situ Chemical Reduction
Using Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron
Materials to Degrade Chlorinated
Hydrocarbons
Vojtěch Stejskal and Nikola Vacková
Abstract The presented study provides comparison of three separate nZVI field
tests using NANOFER STAR, NZVI-C3, and NANOFER STAR modified by
carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). These field tests were conducted on sites contaminated with chlorinated ethenes. All three applications were performed via a directpush technique on the same site one after another. The particular groundwater was
monitored for chlorinated ethenes and their nontoxic degradation products. The test
took about 90 days in each case. The most successful material in the study was
NANOFER STAR, degrading 84% of present trichloroethene or 60% of vinyl
chloride. Other materials used in the study achieved far lower efficiency. NZVIC3, a carbon-iron material fabricated in laboratory volumes by Palacký University
Olomouc, was characteristic for the combination of reduction and sorption. Modification of nanoscale zero-valent iron particles by CMC resulted in not only higher
mobility of the material but also a significant decrease in its reactivity.
Keywords Nanoremediation · nZVI · In situ chemical reduction · Chlorinated
hydrocarbons
V. Stejskal (*)
Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of
Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
Photon Water Technology s.r.o., Liberec, Czech Republic
AQUATEST a.s., Prague, Czech Republic
e-mail: vojtech.stejskal@photonwater.com
N. Vacková
Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
AQUATEST a.s., Prague, Czech Republic
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
J. Filip et al. (eds.), Advanced Nano-Bio Technologies for Water and Soil Treatment,
Applied Environmental Science and Engineering for a Sustainable Future,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29840-1_5
87