28. Stadler, S., Talma, A. S., Tredoux, G. & Wrabel, J. (2012). Identification of sources and
infiltration regimes of nitrate in the semi-arid Kalahari: Regional differences and implications
for groundwater management. Water Sa, 38(2), pp. 213–224.
29. Zhai, Y., Zhao, X., Teng, Y., Li, X., Zhang, J., Wu, J., et al. (2017). Groundwater nitrate
pollution and human health risk assessment by using HHRA model in an agricultural area,
NE China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 137, 130–142.
30. Raju, N. J., Shukla, U. K., & Ram, P. (2011). Hydrogeochemistry for the assessment of
groundwater quality in Varanasi: a fast-urbanizing center in Uttar Pradesh, India. Environ
Moni Assess, 173(1–4), 279–300
31. Holman, I. P., Whelan, M. J., Howden, N. J., Bellamy, P. H., Willby, N. J., Rivas-Casado,
M., et al. (2008). Phosphorus in groundwater—An overlooked contributor to eutrophication?
Hydrological Processes: An International Journal, 22(26), 5121–5127.
32. Singh, A. L., (2016). Nitrate and phosphate contamination in water and possible remedial
measures. Environ Prob Plant, 3, 44–56.
33. Handa, B. K. (1990). Contamination of groundwaters by phosphates. Bhu-jal News, 5, 24–
36.
34. Rao, N. S., & Prasad, P. R. (1997). Phosphate pollution in the groundwater of lower
Vamsadhara river basin, India. Environmental Geology, 31(1–2), 117–122.
35. Tiffany, M. A., Winchester, J. W., & Loucks, R. H. (1969). Natural and pollution sources of
iodine, bromine, and chlorine in the Great Lakes. Journal (Water Pollution Control
Federation), 1319–1329.
36. Sreedevi, P. D., Ahmed, S., Madé, B., Ledoux, E., & Gandolfi, J. M. (2006). Association of
hydrogeological factors in temporal variations of fluoride concentration in a crystalline
aquifer in India. Environmental Geology, 50(1), 1–11.
37. Raju, N. J., Dey, S., Gossel, W., & Wycisk, P. (2012). Fluoride hazard and assessment of
groundwater quality in the semi-arid Upper Panda River basin, Sonbhadra district, Uttar
Pradesh, India. Hydrol sci, 57(7), 1433–1452.
38. Handa, B. K., (1975). Geochemistry and genesis of Fluoride‐Containing ground waters in
India. Groundwater, 13(3), pp. 275–281.
39. Brindha, K., & Elango, L. (2013). Geochemistry of fluoride rich groundwater in a weathered
granitic rock region, Southern India. Water Quality, Exposure and Health, 5(3), 127–138.
40. Rao, N. S. (2009). Fluoride in groundwater, Varaha River Basin, Visakhapatnam District,
Andhra Pradesh, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 152(1–4), 47.
41. Raju, N. J., Dey, S., & Das, K. (2009). Fluoride contamination in groundwaters of
Sonbhadra District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Current Science (00113891), 96(7).
42. Susheela, A. K., (1999). Fluorosis management programme in India. Curr Sci, 77(10),
1250–1256.
43. Dang, L. X., & Pettitt, B. M. (1987). Chloride ion pairs in water. Journal of the American
Chemical Society, 109(18), 5531–5532.
44. Davis, S. N., Whittemore, D. O. & Fabryka‐Martin, J. (1998). Uses of chloride/bromide
ratios in studies of potable water. Groundwater, 36(2), 338–350.
45. Kim, K. Y., Seong, H., Kim, T., Park, K. H., Woo, N. C., Park, Y. S., Koh, G. W. & Park,
W. B. (2006). Tidal effects on variations of fresh–saltwater interface and groundwater flow in
a multilayered coastal aquifer on a volcanic island (Jeju Island, Korea). J Hydrol, 330(3-4),
525–542.
46. Duruibe, J. O., Ogwuegbu, M. O. C., & Egwurugwu, J. N. (2007). Heavy metal pollution
and human biotoxic effects. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 2(5), 112–118.
47. Eshagberi, G.O., (2012). Toxic Effects of Heavy Metals on Crop Plants. Multi J Empir Res,
10.
48. Sawyer, C. N., McCarty, P. L., & Parkin, G. F. (1978). Chemistry for environmental
engineers. New York. Mc Graw-Hill Book Company.
49. Applin, K. R., & Zhao, N. (1989). The kinetics of Fe (II) oxidation and well screen
encrustation. Groundwater, 27(2), 168–174.
Water Pollutants: Sources and Impact on the Environment …
59
infiltration regimes of nitrate in the semi-arid Kalahari: Regional differences and implications
for groundwater management. Water Sa, 38(2), pp. 213–224.
29. Zhai, Y., Zhao, X., Teng, Y., Li, X., Zhang, J., Wu, J., et al. (2017). Groundwater nitrate
pollution and human health risk assessment by using HHRA model in an agricultural area,
NE China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 137, 130–142.
30. Raju, N. J., Shukla, U. K., & Ram, P. (2011). Hydrogeochemistry for the assessment of
groundwater quality in Varanasi: a fast-urbanizing center in Uttar Pradesh, India. Environ
Moni Assess, 173(1–4), 279–300
31. Holman, I. P., Whelan, M. J., Howden, N. J., Bellamy, P. H., Willby, N. J., Rivas-Casado,
M., et al. (2008). Phosphorus in groundwater—An overlooked contributor to eutrophication?
Hydrological Processes: An International Journal, 22(26), 5121–5127.
32. Singh, A. L., (2016). Nitrate and phosphate contamination in water and possible remedial
measures. Environ Prob Plant, 3, 44–56.
33. Handa, B. K. (1990). Contamination of groundwaters by phosphates. Bhu-jal News, 5, 24–
36.
34. Rao, N. S., & Prasad, P. R. (1997). Phosphate pollution in the groundwater of lower
Vamsadhara river basin, India. Environmental Geology, 31(1–2), 117–122.
35. Tiffany, M. A., Winchester, J. W., & Loucks, R. H. (1969). Natural and pollution sources of
iodine, bromine, and chlorine in the Great Lakes. Journal (Water Pollution Control
Federation), 1319–1329.
36. Sreedevi, P. D., Ahmed, S., Madé, B., Ledoux, E., & Gandolfi, J. M. (2006). Association of
hydrogeological factors in temporal variations of fluoride concentration in a crystalline
aquifer in India. Environmental Geology, 50(1), 1–11.
37. Raju, N. J., Dey, S., Gossel, W., & Wycisk, P. (2012). Fluoride hazard and assessment of
groundwater quality in the semi-arid Upper Panda River basin, Sonbhadra district, Uttar
Pradesh, India. Hydrol sci, 57(7), 1433–1452.
38. Handa, B. K., (1975). Geochemistry and genesis of Fluoride‐Containing ground waters in
India. Groundwater, 13(3), pp. 275–281.
39. Brindha, K., & Elango, L. (2013). Geochemistry of fluoride rich groundwater in a weathered
granitic rock region, Southern India. Water Quality, Exposure and Health, 5(3), 127–138.
40. Rao, N. S. (2009). Fluoride in groundwater, Varaha River Basin, Visakhapatnam District,
Andhra Pradesh, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 152(1–4), 47.
41. Raju, N. J., Dey, S., & Das, K. (2009). Fluoride contamination in groundwaters of
Sonbhadra District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Current Science (00113891), 96(7).
42. Susheela, A. K., (1999). Fluorosis management programme in India. Curr Sci, 77(10),
1250–1256.
43. Dang, L. X., & Pettitt, B. M. (1987). Chloride ion pairs in water. Journal of the American
Chemical Society, 109(18), 5531–5532.
44. Davis, S. N., Whittemore, D. O. & Fabryka‐Martin, J. (1998). Uses of chloride/bromide
ratios in studies of potable water. Groundwater, 36(2), 338–350.
45. Kim, K. Y., Seong, H., Kim, T., Park, K. H., Woo, N. C., Park, Y. S., Koh, G. W. & Park,
W. B. (2006). Tidal effects on variations of fresh–saltwater interface and groundwater flow in
a multilayered coastal aquifer on a volcanic island (Jeju Island, Korea). J Hydrol, 330(3-4),
525–542.
46. Duruibe, J. O., Ogwuegbu, M. O. C., & Egwurugwu, J. N. (2007). Heavy metal pollution
and human biotoxic effects. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 2(5), 112–118.
47. Eshagberi, G.O., (2012). Toxic Effects of Heavy Metals on Crop Plants. Multi J Empir Res,
10.
48. Sawyer, C. N., McCarty, P. L., & Parkin, G. F. (1978). Chemistry for environmental
engineers. New York. Mc Graw-Hill Book Company.
49. Applin, K. R., & Zhao, N. (1989). The kinetics of Fe (II) oxidation and well screen
encrustation. Groundwater, 27(2), 168–174.
Water Pollutants: Sources and Impact on the Environment …
59