4 Conclusion
Natural water is a vivacious chemical arrangement comprising in its composition a
complex collection of gases, mineral and organic essences in the appearance of true
solutions, and suspended and colloidal matters also. There are various natural and
anthropogenic factors that affect the basic physical, chemical and biological properties of natural water. Among them waterborne pathogens and chemical contaminants are major concern for public health on local, regional and global scale, not
only with respect to morbidity and mortality but by the high cost of their prevention
and treatment. At present, the continuous rise in concentration level of these pollutants which reached up to alarming level, making the environment and habitat
unsuitable to survive. The maintenance of quality water and its safety is an
important to avoid long-term irreversible effects on human health. In this review we
reviewed various water pollutants, their source in atmosphere and impact on
environment and human health. Nutrients like NO 3 and PO 4 are responsible for
eutrophication and poses various health impacts on human health are arise mainly
from agricultural activities. The source of halogens in water is both natural and
anthropogenic. Heavy metals in water come mainly through industrial activities but
some heavy metals like, As and Cr are geogenic also. Microbial pollutants in water
bodies are come mainly by human excreta and poses serious health consequences
on human health. Radioactive pollution, thermal pollution and suspended soiled are
the new dimensions in the field of water pollution also briefly discussed in this
study.
References
1. Iqbal, M. A., & Gupta, S. G. (2009). Studies on heavy metal ion pollution of ground water
sources as an effect of municipal solid waste dumping. African Journal of Basic & Applied
Sciences, 1(5–6), 117–122.
2. Maruyama, S., Ikoma, M., Genda, H., Hirose, K., Yokoyama, T., & Santosh, M. (2013). The
naked planet Earth: Most essential pre-requisite for the origin and evolution of life.
Geoscience Frontiers, 4(2), 141–165.
3. Finney, J. L. (2004). Water? What’s so special about it? Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 359(1448), 1145–1165.
4. Ripl, W. (2003). Water: The bloodstream of the biosphere. Philosophical Transactions of
the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 358(1440), 1921–1934.
5. Jinwal, A., & Dixit, S. (2008). Pre-and post-monsoon variation in physico-chemical
characteristics in groundwater quality of Bhopal “The City of Lakes” India. Asian Journal of
Experimental Sciences, 22(3), 311–316.
6. Shiklomanov, I. A., & Rodda, J. C. eds., (2004). World water resources at the beginning of
the twenty-first century. Cambridge University Press.
7. World Health Organization (1997). Guideline for drinking water quality, 2nd edn., Vol.
2 WHO, Geneva, Health criteria and other supporting informations, pp 940–949.
Water Pollutants: Sources and Impact on the Environment …
57
Natural water is a vivacious chemical arrangement comprising in its composition a
complex collection of gases, mineral and organic essences in the appearance of true
solutions, and suspended and colloidal matters also. There are various natural and
anthropogenic factors that affect the basic physical, chemical and biological properties of natural water. Among them waterborne pathogens and chemical contaminants are major concern for public health on local, regional and global scale, not
only with respect to morbidity and mortality but by the high cost of their prevention
and treatment. At present, the continuous rise in concentration level of these pollutants which reached up to alarming level, making the environment and habitat
unsuitable to survive. The maintenance of quality water and its safety is an
important to avoid long-term irreversible effects on human health. In this review we
reviewed various water pollutants, their source in atmosphere and impact on
environment and human health. Nutrients like NO 3 and PO 4 are responsible for
eutrophication and poses various health impacts on human health are arise mainly
from agricultural activities. The source of halogens in water is both natural and
anthropogenic. Heavy metals in water come mainly through industrial activities but
some heavy metals like, As and Cr are geogenic also. Microbial pollutants in water
bodies are come mainly by human excreta and poses serious health consequences
on human health. Radioactive pollution, thermal pollution and suspended soiled are
the new dimensions in the field of water pollution also briefly discussed in this
study.
References
1. Iqbal, M. A., & Gupta, S. G. (2009). Studies on heavy metal ion pollution of ground water
sources as an effect of municipal solid waste dumping. African Journal of Basic & Applied
Sciences, 1(5–6), 117–122.
2. Maruyama, S., Ikoma, M., Genda, H., Hirose, K., Yokoyama, T., & Santosh, M. (2013). The
naked planet Earth: Most essential pre-requisite for the origin and evolution of life.
Geoscience Frontiers, 4(2), 141–165.
3. Finney, J. L. (2004). Water? What’s so special about it? Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 359(1448), 1145–1165.
4. Ripl, W. (2003). Water: The bloodstream of the biosphere. Philosophical Transactions of
the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 358(1440), 1921–1934.
5. Jinwal, A., & Dixit, S. (2008). Pre-and post-monsoon variation in physico-chemical
characteristics in groundwater quality of Bhopal “The City of Lakes” India. Asian Journal of
Experimental Sciences, 22(3), 311–316.
6. Shiklomanov, I. A., & Rodda, J. C. eds., (2004). World water resources at the beginning of
the twenty-first century. Cambridge University Press.
7. World Health Organization (1997). Guideline for drinking water quality, 2nd edn., Vol.
2 WHO, Geneva, Health criteria and other supporting informations, pp 940–949.
Water Pollutants: Sources and Impact on the Environment …
57