Table 1 Typical class of emerging contaminants and their representative compounds
Distinctive classes
Representative compounds
A. Pharmaceuticals
A1. Broad-spectrum antibiotics
1
Fluoroquinolone
2
Sulfonamide
3
Cephalosporin
4
Nitroimidazole
5
Tetracycline
6
Penicillin
7
Macrolide
A2. Hormones
1
17-b-Estradiol (E2)
2
Estriol (E3)
3
Estrone (E1)
A3. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
1
Diclofenac
2
Ibuprofen
3
Naproxen
A4. b-blockers
1
Metoprolol
2
Propranolol
3
Atenolol
4
Sotalol
A5. Blood lipid regulators
1
Clofibric acid
2
Gemfibrozil
3
Bezafibrate
B. Personal care products
B1. Preservatives
1
Parabens
B2. Bactericides/disinfectants
1
Methyltriclosan
2
Triclocarban (TCC)
3
Triclosan (TCS)
B3. Insect repellents
1
N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)
B4. Synthetic musks
b1. Nitromusks
Musk moskene
1
Musk tibetene
2
Musk xylene
3
Musk ketone
4
Musk ambrette
(continued)
30
A. Ahamad et al.