treatment plants. Likewise the industrial processes having their own treatment
plants cannot remove all these chemicals and finally such chemicals end up in lakes
and rivers of our environment. Therefore we are worrying about the harmful effects
caused by those chemicals that they might be having on organism including human.
Yet various pollutants have been detected in drinking water supplies but their
negative effects on human body are still unknown. The sources of both natural and
anthropogenic emerging contaminants having the levels between ng L
−1 and lg L
−1
(also called micropollutants) have been reported by various researchers in their
publications including pesticides, industrial compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products [12, 57, 85–85].
There are several sources of these micropollutants in natural water. It is reported
that industries and municipalities use about 30% of the world available renewable
freshwater [19] resulting generation of vast quantity of wastewaters having various
chemicals in varying concentrations. Some other remarkable sources of such pollutants are agricultural inputs [10] which use several million tons of pesticides each
year; inputs from oil and gasoline spills; and from the human-driven mobilization of
naturally occurring geogenic toxic chemicals [27]. Besides these, there are also
enormous municipal and especially dangerous discarded industrial and earlier
military waste sites from which poisonous compounds may enter into water body,
mainly into the groundwater. As more than 100,000 chemicals are recorded and
most of are used as daily basis [90], one can easily predict various probable ways of
entering these chemicals into our aquatic environment [89]. Most compounds are
mainly the resultant of urban waste water and can penetrate into drinking water via
water cycle owing to their hydrophilic nature and poor elimination at drinking water
and wastewater treatment plants [62, 71, 76, 122]. In several region of the world
including rising economies like China, the wastewater having micropollutants are
still untreated or undergo improper management which is unable to remove these
kinds of pollutants [93]. Therefore, it was highly recommended to monitor the
emerging compounds in the environment and basically in water because of their
chances of open out via water and other unidentified eco-toxicological character
[82, 83].
This book chapter deals with the various kinds of chemical pollutants in water
resources including traditional as well as emerging.
2 Conventional Water Pollutants
People are aware about conventional pollutant like Fluoride, Nitrate and trace
metals and metalloids because their desirable and permissible standard limit are
known and also the causative effects on ecosystem and human health are also well
described in the literature.
Types of Water Pollutants: Conventional and Emerging
23
plants cannot remove all these chemicals and finally such chemicals end up in lakes
and rivers of our environment. Therefore we are worrying about the harmful effects
caused by those chemicals that they might be having on organism including human.
Yet various pollutants have been detected in drinking water supplies but their
negative effects on human body are still unknown. The sources of both natural and
anthropogenic emerging contaminants having the levels between ng L
−1 and lg L
−1
(also called micropollutants) have been reported by various researchers in their
publications including pesticides, industrial compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products [12, 57, 85–85].
There are several sources of these micropollutants in natural water. It is reported
that industries and municipalities use about 30% of the world available renewable
freshwater [19] resulting generation of vast quantity of wastewaters having various
chemicals in varying concentrations. Some other remarkable sources of such pollutants are agricultural inputs [10] which use several million tons of pesticides each
year; inputs from oil and gasoline spills; and from the human-driven mobilization of
naturally occurring geogenic toxic chemicals [27]. Besides these, there are also
enormous municipal and especially dangerous discarded industrial and earlier
military waste sites from which poisonous compounds may enter into water body,
mainly into the groundwater. As more than 100,000 chemicals are recorded and
most of are used as daily basis [90], one can easily predict various probable ways of
entering these chemicals into our aquatic environment [89]. Most compounds are
mainly the resultant of urban waste water and can penetrate into drinking water via
water cycle owing to their hydrophilic nature and poor elimination at drinking water
and wastewater treatment plants [62, 71, 76, 122]. In several region of the world
including rising economies like China, the wastewater having micropollutants are
still untreated or undergo improper management which is unable to remove these
kinds of pollutants [93]. Therefore, it was highly recommended to monitor the
emerging compounds in the environment and basically in water because of their
chances of open out via water and other unidentified eco-toxicological character
[82, 83].
This book chapter deals with the various kinds of chemical pollutants in water
resources including traditional as well as emerging.
2 Conventional Water Pollutants
People are aware about conventional pollutant like Fluoride, Nitrate and trace
metals and metalloids because their desirable and permissible standard limit are
known and also the causative effects on ecosystem and human health are also well
described in the literature.
Types of Water Pollutants: Conventional and Emerging
23