Emerging Techniques and Materials
for Water Pollutants Detection
Richa Soni, Mahesh Soni and Dericks Praise Shukla
Abstract Rapid industrialization and population boom have led to deterioration of
water quality, rising health issues and environmental damage, which made it
imperative to monitor and regulate the water pollutants. Earlier, water samples were
monitored using grab sampling method and then analysis was performed in the
laboratory. This process is arduous and time consuming; also, there are poor
chances of detecting a periodic pollution. For a proactive response sensor technology is popular these days for pollutant monitoring. A variety of sensing techniques and materials are available. But recently nanomaterials have absorbed
attention for fabricating sensors owing to their high surface to volume ratio, ease of
functionalization which enable them to have high specificity and sensitivity. This
chapter intends to review the emerging materials used for making water pollutant
sensors and gives an insight into the emerging techniques like microfluidic sensors,
biosensors, wireless sensor network and smart sensors.
Keywords Biosensors Á Microfluidic Á Nanomaterials Á Wireless network Á Water
pollutants
1 Introduction
The problem of clean water availability is worsening day by day owing to the rapid
industrialization and population boom. Clean water is crucial in sustaining life, and
has a major role in health of living beings. Water contamination can occur due to
several factors like biological, chemical or anthropogenic posing health hazards.
R. Soni (&) Á M. Soni Á D. P. Shukla
Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
e-mail: richamnit10@gmail.com
M. Soni
e-mail: maheshbe2007@gmail.com
D. P. Shukla
e-mail: dericks@iitmandi.ac.in
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
D. Pooja et al. (eds.), Sensors in Water Pollutants Monitoring: Role of Material,
Advanced Functional Materials and Sensors,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0671-0_15
277
for Water Pollutants Detection
Richa Soni, Mahesh Soni and Dericks Praise Shukla
Abstract Rapid industrialization and population boom have led to deterioration of
water quality, rising health issues and environmental damage, which made it
imperative to monitor and regulate the water pollutants. Earlier, water samples were
monitored using grab sampling method and then analysis was performed in the
laboratory. This process is arduous and time consuming; also, there are poor
chances of detecting a periodic pollution. For a proactive response sensor technology is popular these days for pollutant monitoring. A variety of sensing techniques and materials are available. But recently nanomaterials have absorbed
attention for fabricating sensors owing to their high surface to volume ratio, ease of
functionalization which enable them to have high specificity and sensitivity. This
chapter intends to review the emerging materials used for making water pollutant
sensors and gives an insight into the emerging techniques like microfluidic sensors,
biosensors, wireless sensor network and smart sensors.
Keywords Biosensors Á Microfluidic Á Nanomaterials Á Wireless network Á Water
pollutants
1 Introduction
The problem of clean water availability is worsening day by day owing to the rapid
industrialization and population boom. Clean water is crucial in sustaining life, and
has a major role in health of living beings. Water contamination can occur due to
several factors like biological, chemical or anthropogenic posing health hazards.
R. Soni (&) Á M. Soni Á D. P. Shukla
Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
e-mail: richamnit10@gmail.com
M. Soni
e-mail: maheshbe2007@gmail.com
D. P. Shukla
e-mail: dericks@iitmandi.ac.in
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
D. Pooja et al. (eds.), Sensors in Water Pollutants Monitoring: Role of Material,
Advanced Functional Materials and Sensors,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0671-0_15
277