Materials for Electrical Detection
of Water Pollutants
Chhavi Sharma , Sauraj and Yuvraj Singh Negi
Abstract Water pollution has become one of the irresistible problems worldwide.
FETs and AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (High Electron Mobility Transistors) are the
forthcoming hopeful tools for real-time, ultrasensitive recognition of analyte. They
are taking attention over other techniques because of its exceptional properties like
fast response, high sensitivity, low toxicity, superior biocompatibility and excellent
chemical stability. Precision of FET sensors depend upon concentration of ions and
inherent properties of the material i.e. band gap & carriers effective mass. 2D
layered nanostructures such as graphene and its analogues, black phosphorous
(called phosphorene), conducting polymers are attracting the researchers due to
their in numerous novel properties over conventional bulk semiconducting materials; such as tuneable band gap, high carrier mobility (*10
2
–10
5 cm
2 /V/s), good
electrical and magnetic properties etc. This chapter will cover all the basic and
comprehensive analysis of technique reported materials and will include the future
prospective and applications.
Keywords Water pollutants Á FETs Á MOSFETs Á 2D layered structures Á
Graphene Á Conducting polymer
C. Sharma Á Sauraj Á Y. S. Negi (&)
Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT
Roorkee), Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, India
e-mail: yuvrajnegi@gmail.com
C. Sharma
e-mail: chhavi1920@gmail.com
Sauraj
e-mail: saurajpolymeriitd@gmail.com
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
D. Pooja et al. (eds.), Sensors in Water Pollutants Monitoring: Role of Material,
Advanced Functional Materials and Sensors,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0671-0_7
107
of Water Pollutants
Chhavi Sharma , Sauraj and Yuvraj Singh Negi
Abstract Water pollution has become one of the irresistible problems worldwide.
FETs and AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (High Electron Mobility Transistors) are the
forthcoming hopeful tools for real-time, ultrasensitive recognition of analyte. They
are taking attention over other techniques because of its exceptional properties like
fast response, high sensitivity, low toxicity, superior biocompatibility and excellent
chemical stability. Precision of FET sensors depend upon concentration of ions and
inherent properties of the material i.e. band gap & carriers effective mass. 2D
layered nanostructures such as graphene and its analogues, black phosphorous
(called phosphorene), conducting polymers are attracting the researchers due to
their in numerous novel properties over conventional bulk semiconducting materials; such as tuneable band gap, high carrier mobility (*10
2
–10
5 cm
2 /V/s), good
electrical and magnetic properties etc. This chapter will cover all the basic and
comprehensive analysis of technique reported materials and will include the future
prospective and applications.
Keywords Water pollutants Á FETs Á MOSFETs Á 2D layered structures Á
Graphene Á Conducting polymer
C. Sharma Á Sauraj Á Y. S. Negi (&)
Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT
Roorkee), Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, India
e-mail: yuvrajnegi@gmail.com
C. Sharma
e-mail: chhavi1920@gmail.com
Sauraj
e-mail: saurajpolymeriitd@gmail.com
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
D. Pooja et al. (eds.), Sensors in Water Pollutants Monitoring: Role of Material,
Advanced Functional Materials and Sensors,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0671-0_7
107