160
6.3.4 Accelerated Carbon Dioxide Reduction Kinetics
175
6.3.5 Minimizing Undesirable Reactions
176
6.4 Other Approaches for Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Formaldehyde
177
6.5 Conclusions
180
References
180
Abstract As carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is an undesirable greenhouse gas inducing
global warming, CO 2 transformation to value-added chemicals emerges as one of
the ideal approaches for environmental remediation and greenhouse gas mitigation.
Formaldehyde is an essential base chemical in petrochemical industry and important building chain for the production of useful life commodities. Currently, formaldehyde is industrially produced from methane via multiple energy-intensive
processes including reforming, methanol synthesis, and methanol partial oxidation.
Thus, the direct conversion of CO 2 to this important chemical has been extensively
focused and explored in industrial production and academics. This chapter provides
a comprehensive and recent review about the current catalytic approaches for converting unwanted CO 2 greenhouse gas to formaldehyde. Particularly, photocatalytic
CO 2 reduction to formaldehyde was systematically reviewed in terms of thermodynamics, mechanism, catalyst design, and catalytic performance. Apart from photocatalytic method, CO 2 hydrogenation, selective methane oxidation, and homogeneous
CO 2 reduction were also discussed thoroughly in this chapter.
Keywords Photocatalysis · Formaldehyde · CO 2 reduction · CO 2 hydrogenation ·
Selective oxidation
Abbreviations
CCS
Carbon capture and sequestration
CCUS
Carbon capture, utilization, and storage
CRC
CO 2 reduction co-catalyst
DFT
Density functional theory
e
−
Electron
E cell
The cell potential
E g
Bandgap energy
F
Faraday’s constant
HCHO
Formaldehyde
HCOOH Formic acid
HER
H 2 evolution reaction
MOFs
Metal-organic frameworks
N 2 O
Nitrous oxide
NHE
Normal hydrogen electrode
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
T. D. Nguyen et al.
6.3.4 Accelerated Carbon Dioxide Reduction Kinetics
175
6.3.5 Minimizing Undesirable Reactions
176
6.4 Other Approaches for Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Formaldehyde
177
6.5 Conclusions
180
References
180
Abstract As carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is an undesirable greenhouse gas inducing
global warming, CO 2 transformation to value-added chemicals emerges as one of
the ideal approaches for environmental remediation and greenhouse gas mitigation.
Formaldehyde is an essential base chemical in petrochemical industry and important building chain for the production of useful life commodities. Currently, formaldehyde is industrially produced from methane via multiple energy-intensive
processes including reforming, methanol synthesis, and methanol partial oxidation.
Thus, the direct conversion of CO 2 to this important chemical has been extensively
focused and explored in industrial production and academics. This chapter provides
a comprehensive and recent review about the current catalytic approaches for converting unwanted CO 2 greenhouse gas to formaldehyde. Particularly, photocatalytic
CO 2 reduction to formaldehyde was systematically reviewed in terms of thermodynamics, mechanism, catalyst design, and catalytic performance. Apart from photocatalytic method, CO 2 hydrogenation, selective methane oxidation, and homogeneous
CO 2 reduction were also discussed thoroughly in this chapter.
Keywords Photocatalysis · Formaldehyde · CO 2 reduction · CO 2 hydrogenation ·
Selective oxidation
Abbreviations
CCS
Carbon capture and sequestration
CCUS
Carbon capture, utilization, and storage
CRC
CO 2 reduction co-catalyst
DFT
Density functional theory
e
−
Electron
E cell
The cell potential
E g
Bandgap energy
F
Faraday’s constant
HCHO
Formaldehyde
HCOOH Formic acid
HER
H 2 evolution reaction
MOFs
Metal-organic frameworks
N 2 O
Nitrous oxide
NHE
Normal hydrogen electrode
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
T. D. Nguyen et al.