2
Microorganisms-based CO 2 sequestration is best positioned to represent a prominent alternative to conventional CO 2 sequestration technologies consisting of CO 2
capture, CO 2 separation, and CO 2 storage, which present shortfalls such as energy
and operational costs and the production of degradation products injurious to human
health and natural ecosystems. Without neglecting the bottlenecks inherent into biomanufacturing, it is worth highlighting that, differently from microbial CO 2 sequestration, microorganisms are not restricted to be used solely as desirable carbon sinks
but also as catalysts that can simultaneously capture CO 2 and produce value-added
chemicals. Rather than being a niche market, the CO 2 -based biopolymers market is
expected to witness significant growth.
Herein, we highlight the usage of CO 2 as carbon substrate in the synthesis of
polymers or polymer building blocks through biological processes. Together with
the advances reached by synthetic biology and metabolic engineering capacities, a
number of microorganisms have been engaged in the construction of CO 2 -based cell
factories. The present chapter captures the main breakthroughs in the biotransformation of CO 2 into different classes of valuable intermediates towards polymer
synthesis.
Keywords Carbon dioxide · Metabolic engineering · Enzymatic catalysis ·
Aromatic and aliphatic monomer · In vivo synthetic polymer · Plastic · Circular
economy · Bio-refinery · Eco-design · Recyclability
Abbreviations
1,3-PDO
1,3-Propanediol
2,3-BDO
2,3-Butanediol
3-HP
3-Hydroxypropionic
3-HPA
3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde
3-HV
3-Hydroxyvalerate
4HB
4-Hydroxybutyrate
5-AVA
δ-Aminovaleric acid
6-ACA
ε-Aminocaproic acid
ADH
Alcohol dehydrogenase
ADMET
Acyclic diene metathesis
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
ATRP
Atom transfer radical polymerization
C3H
p-Coumarate-3-hydroxylase
CA
Carbonic anhydrase
CAGR
Compound annual growth rate
CDW
Cell dry weight
CO
Carbon monoxide
CO2
Carbon dioxide
A. A. Azim et al.
Microorganisms-based CO 2 sequestration is best positioned to represent a prominent alternative to conventional CO 2 sequestration technologies consisting of CO 2
capture, CO 2 separation, and CO 2 storage, which present shortfalls such as energy
and operational costs and the production of degradation products injurious to human
health and natural ecosystems. Without neglecting the bottlenecks inherent into biomanufacturing, it is worth highlighting that, differently from microbial CO 2 sequestration, microorganisms are not restricted to be used solely as desirable carbon sinks
but also as catalysts that can simultaneously capture CO 2 and produce value-added
chemicals. Rather than being a niche market, the CO 2 -based biopolymers market is
expected to witness significant growth.
Herein, we highlight the usage of CO 2 as carbon substrate in the synthesis of
polymers or polymer building blocks through biological processes. Together with
the advances reached by synthetic biology and metabolic engineering capacities, a
number of microorganisms have been engaged in the construction of CO 2 -based cell
factories. The present chapter captures the main breakthroughs in the biotransformation of CO 2 into different classes of valuable intermediates towards polymer
synthesis.
Keywords Carbon dioxide · Metabolic engineering · Enzymatic catalysis ·
Aromatic and aliphatic monomer · In vivo synthetic polymer · Plastic · Circular
economy · Bio-refinery · Eco-design · Recyclability
Abbreviations
1,3-PDO
1,3-Propanediol
2,3-BDO
2,3-Butanediol
3-HP
3-Hydroxypropionic
3-HPA
3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde
3-HV
3-Hydroxyvalerate
4HB
4-Hydroxybutyrate
5-AVA
δ-Aminovaleric acid
6-ACA
ε-Aminocaproic acid
ADH
Alcohol dehydrogenase
ADMET
Acyclic diene metathesis
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
ATRP
Atom transfer radical polymerization
C3H
p-Coumarate-3-hydroxylase
CA
Carbonic anhydrase
CAGR
Compound annual growth rate
CDW
Cell dry weight
CO
Carbon monoxide
CO2
Carbon dioxide
A. A. Azim et al.