A Plausible Mechanism for Drosophila Larva Intermittent Behavior
299
Also, our results show that an exponential distribution of activity bouts [12]
as reported for the adult fruitfly might not be the case for the larva, as we
detected log-normal long-tails in all cases. Still, the exponential-power-law duality in our model illustrates switching between independent and coupled modes
of neural activity. Substituting the exponential regime by other long-tailed distribution such as log-normal might require assuming more complex interactions
between the switching regimes and will be pursued in the future so that generative models of the data can be fit.
References
1. Barandiaran, X.E., Chemero, A.: Animats in the modeling ecosystem. Adapt.
Behav. 17(4), 287–292 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1177/1059712309340847
2. Bartumeus, F.: Behavioral intermittence, Levy patterns, and randomness in animal
movement. Oikos 118, 488–494 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2008.
17313.x
3. Davies, A., Louis, M., Webb, B.: A model of drosophila larva chemotaxis. PLoS
Comput. Biol. 11(11), 1–24 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004606
4. Heckscher, E.S., Lockery, S.R., Doe, C.Q.: Characterization of drosophila larval
crawling at the level of organism, segment, and somatic body wall musculature. J.
Neurosci. 32(36), 12460–12471 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0222-12.
2012
5. James, A., Plank, M.J., Edwards, A.M.: Assessing L´ evy walks as models of animal
foraging. J. R. Soc. Interface 8(62), 1233–1247 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1098/
rsif.2011.0200
6. Loveless, J., Lagogiannis, K., Webb, B.: Modelling the neuromechanics of exploration and taxis in larval Drosophila. PLoS Comput. Biol. 1–33 (2019). https://
doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1432637
7. Mantziaris, C., Bockem¨ uhl, T., B¨ uschges, A.: Central pattern generating networks
in insect locomotion. Dev. Neurobiol. (October 2019), 1–15 (2020). https://doi.
org/10.1002/dneu.22738
8. Reynolds, A.M., et al.: Evidence for a pervasive ‘idling-mode’ activity template in
flying and pedestrian insects. R. Soc. Open Sci. 2, 150085 (2015). https://doi.org/
10.1098/rsos.150085
9. Sims, D.W., Humphries, N.E., Hu, N., Medan, V., Berni, J.: Optimal searching
behaviour generated intrinsically by the central pattern generator for locomotion.
Elife 8, 1–31 (2019). https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50316
10. Slade, G.: Probabilistic models of critical phenomena. The Princeton companion
to mathematics pp. 343–346 (2008)
11. Tastekin, I., et al.: Sensorimotor pathway controlling stopping behavior during
chemotaxis in the Drosophila melanogaster larva. Elife 7, 1–38 (2018). https://
doi.org/10.7554/elife.38740
12. Ueno, T., Masuda, N., Kume, S., Kume, K.: Dopamine modulates the rest
period length without perturbation of its power law distribution in Drosophila
melanogaster. PLoS One 7(2), e32007 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.
pone.0032007
13. Wystrach, A., Lagogiannis, K., Webb, B.: Continuous lateral oscillations as a core
mechanism for taxis in Drosophila larvae. Elife 5, e15504 (2016). https://doi.org/
10.7554/elife.15504
299
Also, our results show that an exponential distribution of activity bouts [12]
as reported for the adult fruitfly might not be the case for the larva, as we
detected log-normal long-tails in all cases. Still, the exponential-power-law duality in our model illustrates switching between independent and coupled modes
of neural activity. Substituting the exponential regime by other long-tailed distribution such as log-normal might require assuming more complex interactions
between the switching regimes and will be pursued in the future so that generative models of the data can be fit.
References
1. Barandiaran, X.E., Chemero, A.: Animats in the modeling ecosystem. Adapt.
Behav. 17(4), 287–292 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1177/1059712309340847
2. Bartumeus, F.: Behavioral intermittence, Levy patterns, and randomness in animal
movement. Oikos 118, 488–494 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2008.
17313.x
3. Davies, A., Louis, M., Webb, B.: A model of drosophila larva chemotaxis. PLoS
Comput. Biol. 11(11), 1–24 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004606
4. Heckscher, E.S., Lockery, S.R., Doe, C.Q.: Characterization of drosophila larval
crawling at the level of organism, segment, and somatic body wall musculature. J.
Neurosci. 32(36), 12460–12471 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0222-12.
2012
5. James, A., Plank, M.J., Edwards, A.M.: Assessing L´ evy walks as models of animal
foraging. J. R. Soc. Interface 8(62), 1233–1247 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1098/
rsif.2011.0200
6. Loveless, J., Lagogiannis, K., Webb, B.: Modelling the neuromechanics of exploration and taxis in larval Drosophila. PLoS Comput. Biol. 1–33 (2019). https://
doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1432637
7. Mantziaris, C., Bockem¨ uhl, T., B¨ uschges, A.: Central pattern generating networks
in insect locomotion. Dev. Neurobiol. (October 2019), 1–15 (2020). https://doi.
org/10.1002/dneu.22738
8. Reynolds, A.M., et al.: Evidence for a pervasive ‘idling-mode’ activity template in
flying and pedestrian insects. R. Soc. Open Sci. 2, 150085 (2015). https://doi.org/
10.1098/rsos.150085
9. Sims, D.W., Humphries, N.E., Hu, N., Medan, V., Berni, J.: Optimal searching
behaviour generated intrinsically by the central pattern generator for locomotion.
Elife 8, 1–31 (2019). https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50316
10. Slade, G.: Probabilistic models of critical phenomena. The Princeton companion
to mathematics pp. 343–346 (2008)
11. Tastekin, I., et al.: Sensorimotor pathway controlling stopping behavior during
chemotaxis in the Drosophila melanogaster larva. Elife 7, 1–38 (2018). https://
doi.org/10.7554/elife.38740
12. Ueno, T., Masuda, N., Kume, S., Kume, K.: Dopamine modulates the rest
period length without perturbation of its power law distribution in Drosophila
melanogaster. PLoS One 7(2), e32007 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.
pone.0032007
13. Wystrach, A., Lagogiannis, K., Webb, B.: Continuous lateral oscillations as a core
mechanism for taxis in Drosophila larvae. Elife 5, e15504 (2016). https://doi.org/
10.7554/elife.15504