Machine Morality
125
question should be not (only) if we can engineer agents capable of moral behavior, but whether we could evolve them, nurture them, and teach them so they
“become” moral living machines.
Acknowledgments. This research received funding from H2020-EU, ID: 820742.
References
1. Adolphs, R.: Cognitive neuroscience of human social behaviour. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 4(3), 165–178 (2003)
2. Arsiwalla, X.D., Freire, I.T., Vouloutsi, V., Verschure, P.: Latent morality in algorithms and machines. In: Martinez-Hernandez, U., Vouloutsi, V., Mura, A., Mangan, M., Asada, M., Prescott, T.J., Verschure, P.F.M.J. (eds.) Living Machines
2019. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 11556, pp. 309–315. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.
org/10.1007/978-3-030-24741-6 27
3. Arsiwalla, X.D., Herreros, I., Moulin-Frier, C., Sanchez-Fibla, M., Verschure, P.: Is
consciousness a control process? In: Artificial Intelligence Research and Development: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference of the Catalan Association
for Artificial Intelligence, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, 19–21 October 2016, p. 233.
IOS Press (2016)
4. Arsiwalla, X.D., Herreros, I., Moulin-Frier, C., Verschure, P.: Consciousness as an
evolutionary game-theoretic strategy. In: Mangan, M., Cutkosky, M., Mura, A.,
Verschure, P.F.M.J., Prescott, T., Lepora, N. (eds.) Living Machines 2017. LNCS
(LNAI), vol. 10384, pp. 509–514. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/
978-3-319-63537-8 43
5. Arsiwalla, X.D., Sole, R., Moulin-Frier, C., Herreros, I., Sanchez-Fibla, M., Verschure, P.F.: The morphospace of consciousness. arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.11190
(2017)
6. Axenopoulos, A., et al.: A hybrid human-robot collaborative environment for recycling electrical and electronic equipment. In: 2019 IEEE SmartWorld, Ubiquitous
Intelligence & Computing, Advanced & Trusted Computing, Scalable Computing &
Communications, Cloud & Big Data Computing, Internet of People and Smart City
Innovation (SmartWorld/SCALCOM/UIC/ATC/CBDCom/IOP/SCI), pp. 1754–
1759. IEEE (2019)
7. Balas, G.J., Doyle, J.C.: Robustness and performance trade-offs in control design
for flexible structures. IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. 2(4), 352–361 (1994)
8. Botvinick, M., Ritter, S., Wang, J.X., Kurth-Nelson, Z., Blundell, C., Hassabis, D.:
Reinforcement learning, fast and slow. Trends Cogn. Sci. 23(5), 408–422 (2019)
9. Camerer, C.F.: Behavioral Game Theory: Experiments in Strategic Interaction.
Princeton University Press, Princeton (2011)
10. Crockett, M.J.: Models of morality. Trends Cogn. Sci. 17(8), 363–366 (2013).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.06.005
11. Crockett, M.J., Siegel, J.Z., Kurth-Nelson, Z., Dayan, P., Dolan, R.J.: Moral transgressions corrupt neural representations of value. Nat. Neurosci. 20(6), 879–885
(2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4557
12. Curry, O.S.: Morality as cooperation: a problem-centred approach. In: Shackelford,
T.K., Hansen, R.D. (eds.) The Evolution of Morality. EP, pp. 27–51. Springer,
Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19671-8 2
125
question should be not (only) if we can engineer agents capable of moral behavior, but whether we could evolve them, nurture them, and teach them so they
“become” moral living machines.
Acknowledgments. This research received funding from H2020-EU, ID: 820742.
References
1. Adolphs, R.: Cognitive neuroscience of human social behaviour. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 4(3), 165–178 (2003)
2. Arsiwalla, X.D., Freire, I.T., Vouloutsi, V., Verschure, P.: Latent morality in algorithms and machines. In: Martinez-Hernandez, U., Vouloutsi, V., Mura, A., Mangan, M., Asada, M., Prescott, T.J., Verschure, P.F.M.J. (eds.) Living Machines
2019. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 11556, pp. 309–315. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.
org/10.1007/978-3-030-24741-6 27
3. Arsiwalla, X.D., Herreros, I., Moulin-Frier, C., Sanchez-Fibla, M., Verschure, P.: Is
consciousness a control process? In: Artificial Intelligence Research and Development: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference of the Catalan Association
for Artificial Intelligence, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, 19–21 October 2016, p. 233.
IOS Press (2016)
4. Arsiwalla, X.D., Herreros, I., Moulin-Frier, C., Verschure, P.: Consciousness as an
evolutionary game-theoretic strategy. In: Mangan, M., Cutkosky, M., Mura, A.,
Verschure, P.F.M.J., Prescott, T., Lepora, N. (eds.) Living Machines 2017. LNCS
(LNAI), vol. 10384, pp. 509–514. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/
978-3-319-63537-8 43
5. Arsiwalla, X.D., Sole, R., Moulin-Frier, C., Herreros, I., Sanchez-Fibla, M., Verschure, P.F.: The morphospace of consciousness. arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.11190
(2017)
6. Axenopoulos, A., et al.: A hybrid human-robot collaborative environment for recycling electrical and electronic equipment. In: 2019 IEEE SmartWorld, Ubiquitous
Intelligence & Computing, Advanced & Trusted Computing, Scalable Computing &
Communications, Cloud & Big Data Computing, Internet of People and Smart City
Innovation (SmartWorld/SCALCOM/UIC/ATC/CBDCom/IOP/SCI), pp. 1754–
1759. IEEE (2019)
7. Balas, G.J., Doyle, J.C.: Robustness and performance trade-offs in control design
for flexible structures. IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. 2(4), 352–361 (1994)
8. Botvinick, M., Ritter, S., Wang, J.X., Kurth-Nelson, Z., Blundell, C., Hassabis, D.:
Reinforcement learning, fast and slow. Trends Cogn. Sci. 23(5), 408–422 (2019)
9. Camerer, C.F.: Behavioral Game Theory: Experiments in Strategic Interaction.
Princeton University Press, Princeton (2011)
10. Crockett, M.J.: Models of morality. Trends Cogn. Sci. 17(8), 363–366 (2013).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.06.005
11. Crockett, M.J., Siegel, J.Z., Kurth-Nelson, Z., Dayan, P., Dolan, R.J.: Moral transgressions corrupt neural representations of value. Nat. Neurosci. 20(6), 879–885
(2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4557
12. Curry, O.S.: Morality as cooperation: a problem-centred approach. In: Shackelford,
T.K., Hansen, R.D. (eds.) The Evolution of Morality. EP, pp. 27–51. Springer,
Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19671-8 2