References
1. Saint Girons I, Margarita D, Amouriaux P, Baranton G (1990) First isolation of bacteriophages
for a spirochaete: potential genetic tools for Leptospira. Res Microbiol 141(9):1131–1138.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0923-2508(90)
90086-6
2. Bourhy P, Frangeul L, Couve E, Glaser P, Saint
Girons I, Picardeau M (2005) Complete nucleotide sequence of the LE1 prophage from the
spirochete Leptospira biflexa and characterization of its replication and partition functions. J
Bacteriol 187(12):3931–3940. https://doi.
org/10.1128/JB.187.12.3931-3940.2005
3. Schiettekatte O, Vincent AT, Malosse C,
Lechat P, Chamot-Rooke J, Veyrier FJ,
Picardeau M, Bourhy P (2018) Characterization
of LE3 and LE4, the only lytic phages known to
infect the spirochete Leptospira. Sci Rep 8
(1):11781. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598018-29983-6
4. Fouts DE, Matthias MA, Adhikarla H, Adler B,
Amorim-Santos L, Berg DE, Bulach D et al
(2016) What makes a bacterial species
pathogenic?: comparative genomic analysis of
the genus Leptospira. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10
(2):e0004403
5. Picardeau M (2017) Virulence of the zoonotic
agent of leptospirosis: still terra incognita? Nat
Rev Microbiol 15:297–307. https://doi.org/
10.1038/nrmicro.2017.5
6. Zhu W-N, Huang L-L, Zeng L-B, Zhuang X-R,
Chen C-Y, Wang Y-Z, Qin J-H, Zhu Y-Z, Guo
X-K (2014) Isolation and characterization of
two novel plasmids from pathogenic Leptospira
interrogans serogroup canicola serovar canicola
strain Gui44. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(8):e3103.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.
0003103
7. Thibeaux R, Geroult S, Benezech C, Chabaud S,
Soupe ´-Gilbert M-E, Girault D, Bierque E,
Goarant C (2017) Seeking the environmental
source of Leptospirosis reveals durable bacterial
viability in river soils. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11
(2):e0005414. https://doi.org/10.1371/jour
nal.pntd.0005414
Leptophage Isolation and Characterization
75
1. Saint Girons I, Margarita D, Amouriaux P, Baranton G (1990) First isolation of bacteriophages
for a spirochaete: potential genetic tools for Leptospira. Res Microbiol 141(9):1131–1138.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0923-2508(90)
90086-6
2. Bourhy P, Frangeul L, Couve E, Glaser P, Saint
Girons I, Picardeau M (2005) Complete nucleotide sequence of the LE1 prophage from the
spirochete Leptospira biflexa and characterization of its replication and partition functions. J
Bacteriol 187(12):3931–3940. https://doi.
org/10.1128/JB.187.12.3931-3940.2005
3. Schiettekatte O, Vincent AT, Malosse C,
Lechat P, Chamot-Rooke J, Veyrier FJ,
Picardeau M, Bourhy P (2018) Characterization
of LE3 and LE4, the only lytic phages known to
infect the spirochete Leptospira. Sci Rep 8
(1):11781. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598018-29983-6
4. Fouts DE, Matthias MA, Adhikarla H, Adler B,
Amorim-Santos L, Berg DE, Bulach D et al
(2016) What makes a bacterial species
pathogenic?: comparative genomic analysis of
the genus Leptospira. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10
(2):e0004403
5. Picardeau M (2017) Virulence of the zoonotic
agent of leptospirosis: still terra incognita? Nat
Rev Microbiol 15:297–307. https://doi.org/
10.1038/nrmicro.2017.5
6. Zhu W-N, Huang L-L, Zeng L-B, Zhuang X-R,
Chen C-Y, Wang Y-Z, Qin J-H, Zhu Y-Z, Guo
X-K (2014) Isolation and characterization of
two novel plasmids from pathogenic Leptospira
interrogans serogroup canicola serovar canicola
strain Gui44. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(8):e3103.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.
0003103
7. Thibeaux R, Geroult S, Benezech C, Chabaud S,
Soupe ´-Gilbert M-E, Girault D, Bierque E,
Goarant C (2017) Seeking the environmental
source of Leptospirosis reveals durable bacterial
viability in river soils. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11
(2):e0005414. https://doi.org/10.1371/jour
nal.pntd.0005414
Leptophage Isolation and Characterization
75