References
1. Murray GL, Srikram A, Henry R, Hartskeerl RA,
Sermswan RW, Adler B (2010) Mutations affecting Leptospira interrogans lipopolysaccharide
attenuate virulence. Mol Microbiol 78
(3):701–709
2. Que-Gewirth NL, Ribeiro AA, Kalb SR, Cotter
RJ, Bulach DM, Adler B et al (2004) A methylated phosphate group and four amide-linked
acyl chains in Leptospira interrogans lipid
A. The membrane anchor of an unusual lipopolysaccharide that activates TLR2. J Biol Chem
279(24):25420–25429
3. Werts C (2010) Leptospirosis: a Toll road from
B lymphocytes. Chang Gung Med J 33
(6):591–601
4. Nahori MA, Fournie-Amazouz E, Que-Gewirth
NS, Balloy V, Chignard M, Raetz CR et al
(2005) Differential TLR recognition of
leptospiral lipid A and lipopolysaccharide in
murine and human cells. J Immunol 175
(9):6022–6031
5. Werts C, Tapping RI, Mathison JC, Chuang
TH, Kravchenko V, Saint Girons I et al (2001)
Leptospiral lipopolysaccharide activates cells
through a TLR2-dependent mechanism. Nat
Immunol 2(4):346–352
6. Westphal O, Lu ¨deritz O, Bister F (1952) €
Uber
die Extraktion von Bakterien mit Phenol/Wasser. Z Naturforsch 7(3):148–155
7. Eshghi A, Henderson J, Trent MS, Picardeau M
(2015) Leptospira interrogans lpxD homologue
is required for thermal acclimatization and virulence. Infect Immun 83(11):4314–4321
8. Tsai CM, Frasch CE (1982) A sensitive silver
stain for detecting lipopolysaccharides in polyacrylamide gels. Anal Biochem 119(1):115–119
Purification of LPS from Leptospira
65
1. Murray GL, Srikram A, Henry R, Hartskeerl RA,
Sermswan RW, Adler B (2010) Mutations affecting Leptospira interrogans lipopolysaccharide
attenuate virulence. Mol Microbiol 78
(3):701–709
2. Que-Gewirth NL, Ribeiro AA, Kalb SR, Cotter
RJ, Bulach DM, Adler B et al (2004) A methylated phosphate group and four amide-linked
acyl chains in Leptospira interrogans lipid
A. The membrane anchor of an unusual lipopolysaccharide that activates TLR2. J Biol Chem
279(24):25420–25429
3. Werts C (2010) Leptospirosis: a Toll road from
B lymphocytes. Chang Gung Med J 33
(6):591–601
4. Nahori MA, Fournie-Amazouz E, Que-Gewirth
NS, Balloy V, Chignard M, Raetz CR et al
(2005) Differential TLR recognition of
leptospiral lipid A and lipopolysaccharide in
murine and human cells. J Immunol 175
(9):6022–6031
5. Werts C, Tapping RI, Mathison JC, Chuang
TH, Kravchenko V, Saint Girons I et al (2001)
Leptospiral lipopolysaccharide activates cells
through a TLR2-dependent mechanism. Nat
Immunol 2(4):346–352
6. Westphal O, Lu ¨deritz O, Bister F (1952) €
Uber
die Extraktion von Bakterien mit Phenol/Wasser. Z Naturforsch 7(3):148–155
7. Eshghi A, Henderson J, Trent MS, Picardeau M
(2015) Leptospira interrogans lpxD homologue
is required for thermal acclimatization and virulence. Infect Immun 83(11):4314–4321
8. Tsai CM, Frasch CE (1982) A sensitive silver
stain for detecting lipopolysaccharides in polyacrylamide gels. Anal Biochem 119(1):115–119
Purification of LPS from Leptospira
65