Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Jan Bayram for his help with Fig. 1.
References
1. Goldman E, Green LH (2008) Practical handbook of microbiology, 2nd edn. CRC Press,
Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida
2. Breed RS, Dotterrer WD (1916) The number
of colonies allowable on satisfactory agar
plates. J Bacteriol 1:321–331
3. Larson AD, Treick RW, Edwards CL et al
(1959) Growth studies and plate counting of
leptospires. J Bacteriol 77:361
4. Li S, Ojcius DM, Liao S et al (2010) Replication or death: distinct fates of pathogenic Leptospira strain Lai within macrophages of
human or mouse origin. Innate Immun
16:80–92
5. Benaroudj N, Saul F, Bellalou J et al (2013)
Structural and functional characterization of an
orphan ATP-binding cassette ATPase involved
in manganese utilization and tolerance in Leptospira spp. J Bacteriol 195:5583–5591
6. Kebouchi M, Saul F, Taher R et al (2018)
Structure and function of the Leptospira interrogans peroxide stress regulator (PerR), an
atypical PerR devoid of a structural metalbinding site. J Biol Chem 293:497–509
7. Rampersad SN (2012) Multiple applications of
Alamar blue as an indicator of metabolic function and cellular health in cell viability bioassays. Sensors (Basel) 12:12347–12360
8. DeBaun RM, de Stevens G (1951) On the
mechanism of enzyme action. XLIV. Codetermination of resazurin and resorufin in enzymatic dehydrogenation experiments. Arch
Biochem Biophys 31:300–308
9. Barnes S, Spenney JG (1980) Improved enzymatic assays for bile acids using resazurin and
NADH oxidoreductase from Clostridium kluyveri. Clin Chim Acta 102:241–245
10. Yajko DM, Madej JJ, Lancaster MV et al
(1995) Colorimetric method for determining
MICs of antimicrobial agents for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 33:2324
11. Murray CK, Hospenthal DR (2004) Broth
microdilution susceptibility testing for Leptospira spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother
48:1548–1552
12. Eshghi A, Lourdault K, Murray GL et al
(2012) Leptospira interrogans catalase is
required for resistance to H 2 O 2 and for virulence. Infect Immun 80:3892
13. Pappas CJ, Benaroudj N, Picardeau M (2015)
A replicative plasmid vector allows efficient
complementation of pathogenic Leptospira
strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 81:3176
14. Liegeon G, Delory T, Picardeau M (2018)
Antibiotic susceptibilities of livestock isolates
of Leptospira. Int J Antimicrob Agents
51:693–699
15. Stocks SM (2004) Mechanism and use of the
commercially available viability stain, BacLight.
Cytometry A 61A:189–195
16. Boulos L, Prevost M, Barbeau B et al (1999)
LIVE/DEAD BacLight : application of a new
rapid staining method for direct enumeration
of viable and total bacteria in drinking water. J
Microbiol Methods 37:77–86
17. Fontana C, Crussard S, Simon-Dufay N et al
(2017) Use of flow cytometry for rapid and
accurate enumeration of live pathogenic Leptospira strains. J Microbiol Methods
132:34–40
18. Chen X, Li S-J, Ojcius DM et al (2017)
Mononuclear-macrophages but not neutrophils act as major infiltrating anti-leptospiral
phagocytes during leptospirosis. PLoS One
12:e0181014
19. Stiefel P, Schmidt-Emrich S, Maniura-Weber K
et al (2015) Critical aspects of using bacterial
cell viability assays with the fluorophores
SYTO9 and propidium iodide. BMC Microbiol
15:36–36
20. Kirchhoff C, Cypionka H (2017) Propidium
ion enters viable cells with high membrane
potential during live-dead staining. J Microbiol
Methods 142:79–82
21. Rosenberg M, Azevedo NF, Ivask A (2019)
Propidium iodide staining underestimates viability of adherent bacterial cells. Sci Rep
9:6483–6483
228
Cle ´ mence Mouville and Nadia Benaroudj
We would like to thank Jan Bayram for his help with Fig. 1.
References
1. Goldman E, Green LH (2008) Practical handbook of microbiology, 2nd edn. CRC Press,
Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida
2. Breed RS, Dotterrer WD (1916) The number
of colonies allowable on satisfactory agar
plates. J Bacteriol 1:321–331
3. Larson AD, Treick RW, Edwards CL et al
(1959) Growth studies and plate counting of
leptospires. J Bacteriol 77:361
4. Li S, Ojcius DM, Liao S et al (2010) Replication or death: distinct fates of pathogenic Leptospira strain Lai within macrophages of
human or mouse origin. Innate Immun
16:80–92
5. Benaroudj N, Saul F, Bellalou J et al (2013)
Structural and functional characterization of an
orphan ATP-binding cassette ATPase involved
in manganese utilization and tolerance in Leptospira spp. J Bacteriol 195:5583–5591
6. Kebouchi M, Saul F, Taher R et al (2018)
Structure and function of the Leptospira interrogans peroxide stress regulator (PerR), an
atypical PerR devoid of a structural metalbinding site. J Biol Chem 293:497–509
7. Rampersad SN (2012) Multiple applications of
Alamar blue as an indicator of metabolic function and cellular health in cell viability bioassays. Sensors (Basel) 12:12347–12360
8. DeBaun RM, de Stevens G (1951) On the
mechanism of enzyme action. XLIV. Codetermination of resazurin and resorufin in enzymatic dehydrogenation experiments. Arch
Biochem Biophys 31:300–308
9. Barnes S, Spenney JG (1980) Improved enzymatic assays for bile acids using resazurin and
NADH oxidoreductase from Clostridium kluyveri. Clin Chim Acta 102:241–245
10. Yajko DM, Madej JJ, Lancaster MV et al
(1995) Colorimetric method for determining
MICs of antimicrobial agents for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 33:2324
11. Murray CK, Hospenthal DR (2004) Broth
microdilution susceptibility testing for Leptospira spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother
48:1548–1552
12. Eshghi A, Lourdault K, Murray GL et al
(2012) Leptospira interrogans catalase is
required for resistance to H 2 O 2 and for virulence. Infect Immun 80:3892
13. Pappas CJ, Benaroudj N, Picardeau M (2015)
A replicative plasmid vector allows efficient
complementation of pathogenic Leptospira
strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 81:3176
14. Liegeon G, Delory T, Picardeau M (2018)
Antibiotic susceptibilities of livestock isolates
of Leptospira. Int J Antimicrob Agents
51:693–699
15. Stocks SM (2004) Mechanism and use of the
commercially available viability stain, BacLight.
Cytometry A 61A:189–195
16. Boulos L, Prevost M, Barbeau B et al (1999)
LIVE/DEAD BacLight : application of a new
rapid staining method for direct enumeration
of viable and total bacteria in drinking water. J
Microbiol Methods 37:77–86
17. Fontana C, Crussard S, Simon-Dufay N et al
(2017) Use of flow cytometry for rapid and
accurate enumeration of live pathogenic Leptospira strains. J Microbiol Methods
132:34–40
18. Chen X, Li S-J, Ojcius DM et al (2017)
Mononuclear-macrophages but not neutrophils act as major infiltrating anti-leptospiral
phagocytes during leptospirosis. PLoS One
12:e0181014
19. Stiefel P, Schmidt-Emrich S, Maniura-Weber K
et al (2015) Critical aspects of using bacterial
cell viability assays with the fluorophores
SYTO9 and propidium iodide. BMC Microbiol
15:36–36
20. Kirchhoff C, Cypionka H (2017) Propidium
ion enters viable cells with high membrane
potential during live-dead staining. J Microbiol
Methods 142:79–82
21. Rosenberg M, Azevedo NF, Ivask A (2019)
Propidium iodide staining underestimates viability of adherent bacterial cells. Sci Rep
9:6483–6483
228
Cle ´ mence Mouville and Nadia Benaroudj