12. We recommend you to crop the images using the same defined
template to be sure that the further analysis area will be similar
for all images.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by an AXA Research Funds grant “AXA
Postdoctoral Fellowship,” 15-AXA-PDOC-037 granted to RT.
References
1. Flemming H-C, Wingender J (2010) The biofilm matrix. Nat Rev Microbiol 8(9):623
2. Costerton JW, Stewart PS, Greenberg EP
(1999) Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of
persistent
infections.
Science
284
(5418):1318–1322
3. Coenye T, Nelis HJ (2010) In vitro and in vivo
model systems to study microbial biofilm formation. J Microbiol Methods 83(2):89–105.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2010.08.
018
4. Fletcher M (1977) The effects of culture concentration and age, time, and temperature on
bacterial attachment to polystyrene. Can J
Microbiol 23(1):1–6
5. O’toole GA, Kolter R (1998) Flagellar and
twitching motility are necessary for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development. Mol
Microbiol 30(2):295–304
6. Djordjevic D, Wiedmann M, McLandsborough L (2002) Microtiter plate assay for assessment of Listeria monocytogenes biofilm
formation. Appl Environ Microbiol 68
(6):2950–2958
7. Christensen GD, Simpson WA, Younger J,
Baddour L, Barrett F, Melton D, Beachey E
(1985) Adherence of coagulase-negative staphylococci to plastic tissue culture plates: a
quantitative model for the adherence of staphylococci to medical devices. J Clin Microbiol 22
(6):996–1006
8. Yang Y, Jung DW, Bai DG, Yoo GS, Choi JK
(2001) Counterion-dye staining method for
DNA in agarose gels using crystal violet and
methyl
orange.
Electrophoresis
22
(5):855–859.
https://doi.org/10.1002/
1522-2683()22:5<855::aid-elps855>3.0.
co;2-y
9. Bonnekoh B, Wevers A, Jugert F, Merk H,
Mahrle G (1989) Colorimetric growth assay
for epidermal cell cultures by their crystal violet
binding capacity. Arch Dermatol Res 281
(7):487–490
10. Colvin KM, Gordon VD, Murakami K, Borlee
BR, Wozniak DJ, Wong GC, Parsek MR
(2011) The pel polysaccharide can serve a
structural and protective role in the biofilm
matrix of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS
Pathog 7(1):e1001264. https://doi.org/10.
1371/journal.ppat.1001264
11. Ristow P, Bourhy P, Kerneis S, Schmitt C, Prevost MC, Lilenbaum W, Picardeau M (2008)
Biofilm formation by saprophytic and pathogenic
leptospires.
Microbiology
154
(Pt 5):1309–1317
12. Ellinghausen HC Jr, McCullough WG (1965)
Nutrition of Leptospira Pomona and growth of
13 other serotypes: fractionation of oleic albumin complex and a medium of bovine albumin
and polysorbate 80. Am J Vet Res 26:45–51
13. Johnson RC, Harris VG (1967) Differentiation
of
pathogenic
and
saprophytic
leptospires. I. Growth at low temperatures. J
Bacteriol 94(1):27–31
14. Schindelin J, Arganda-Carreras I, Frise E,
Kaynig V, Longair M, Pietzsch T, Preibisch S,
Rueden C, Saalfeld S, Schmid B, Tinevez JY,
White DJ, Hartenstein V, Eliceiri K,
Tomancak P, Cardona A (2012) Fiji: an opensource platform for biological-image analysis.
Nat Methods 9(7):676–682. https://doi.org/
10.1038/nmeth.2019
15. Merritt JH, Kadouri DE, O’Toole GA (2005)
Growing and analyzing static biofilms. Curr
Protoc Microbiol . Chapter 1:Unit 1B
1.
https://doi.org/10.1002/
9780471729259.mc01b01s00
214
Roman Thibeaux et al.
template to be sure that the further analysis area will be similar
for all images.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by an AXA Research Funds grant “AXA
Postdoctoral Fellowship,” 15-AXA-PDOC-037 granted to RT.
References
1. Flemming H-C, Wingender J (2010) The biofilm matrix. Nat Rev Microbiol 8(9):623
2. Costerton JW, Stewart PS, Greenberg EP
(1999) Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of
persistent
infections.
Science
284
(5418):1318–1322
3. Coenye T, Nelis HJ (2010) In vitro and in vivo
model systems to study microbial biofilm formation. J Microbiol Methods 83(2):89–105.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2010.08.
018
4. Fletcher M (1977) The effects of culture concentration and age, time, and temperature on
bacterial attachment to polystyrene. Can J
Microbiol 23(1):1–6
5. O’toole GA, Kolter R (1998) Flagellar and
twitching motility are necessary for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development. Mol
Microbiol 30(2):295–304
6. Djordjevic D, Wiedmann M, McLandsborough L (2002) Microtiter plate assay for assessment of Listeria monocytogenes biofilm
formation. Appl Environ Microbiol 68
(6):2950–2958
7. Christensen GD, Simpson WA, Younger J,
Baddour L, Barrett F, Melton D, Beachey E
(1985) Adherence of coagulase-negative staphylococci to plastic tissue culture plates: a
quantitative model for the adherence of staphylococci to medical devices. J Clin Microbiol 22
(6):996–1006
8. Yang Y, Jung DW, Bai DG, Yoo GS, Choi JK
(2001) Counterion-dye staining method for
DNA in agarose gels using crystal violet and
methyl
orange.
Electrophoresis
22
(5):855–859.
https://doi.org/10.1002/
1522-2683()22:5<855::aid-elps855>3.0.
co;2-y
9. Bonnekoh B, Wevers A, Jugert F, Merk H,
Mahrle G (1989) Colorimetric growth assay
for epidermal cell cultures by their crystal violet
binding capacity. Arch Dermatol Res 281
(7):487–490
10. Colvin KM, Gordon VD, Murakami K, Borlee
BR, Wozniak DJ, Wong GC, Parsek MR
(2011) The pel polysaccharide can serve a
structural and protective role in the biofilm
matrix of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS
Pathog 7(1):e1001264. https://doi.org/10.
1371/journal.ppat.1001264
11. Ristow P, Bourhy P, Kerneis S, Schmitt C, Prevost MC, Lilenbaum W, Picardeau M (2008)
Biofilm formation by saprophytic and pathogenic
leptospires.
Microbiology
154
(Pt 5):1309–1317
12. Ellinghausen HC Jr, McCullough WG (1965)
Nutrition of Leptospira Pomona and growth of
13 other serotypes: fractionation of oleic albumin complex and a medium of bovine albumin
and polysorbate 80. Am J Vet Res 26:45–51
13. Johnson RC, Harris VG (1967) Differentiation
of
pathogenic
and
saprophytic
leptospires. I. Growth at low temperatures. J
Bacteriol 94(1):27–31
14. Schindelin J, Arganda-Carreras I, Frise E,
Kaynig V, Longair M, Pietzsch T, Preibisch S,
Rueden C, Saalfeld S, Schmid B, Tinevez JY,
White DJ, Hartenstein V, Eliceiri K,
Tomancak P, Cardona A (2012) Fiji: an opensource platform for biological-image analysis.
Nat Methods 9(7):676–682. https://doi.org/
10.1038/nmeth.2019
15. Merritt JH, Kadouri DE, O’Toole GA (2005)
Growing and analyzing static biofilms. Curr
Protoc Microbiol . Chapter 1:Unit 1B
1.
https://doi.org/10.1002/
9780471729259.mc01b01s00
214
Roman Thibeaux et al.