References
1. Turner LH (1967) Leptospirosis. I. Trans R
Soc Trop Med Hyg 61(6):842–855
2. Inada R, Ido Y, Hoki R, Kaneko R, Ito H
(1916) The etiology, mode of infection and
specific therapy of Weil’s disease (Spirochaetosis Icterohaemorrhagica). J Exp Med 23
(3):377–402
3. Ellinghausen HC Jr, McCullough WG (1965)
Nutrition of Leptospira pomona and growth of
13 other serotypes: fractionation of oleic albumin complex and a medium of bovine albumin
and polysorbate 80. Am J Vet Res 26:45–51
4. Johnson RC, Harris VG (1967) Differentiation
of
pathogenic
and
saprophytic
Leptospires. I. Growth at low temperatures. J
Bacteriol 94(1):27–31
5. Johnson RC, Rogers P (1964) 5-Fluorouracil
as a selective agent for growth of Leptospirae. J
Bacteriol 87:422–426
6. Cousineau JG, McKiel JA (1961) In vitro sensitivity of Leptospira to various antimicrobial
agents. Can J Microbiol 7:751–758
7. Merien F, Amouriaux P, Perolat P, Baranton G,
Saint Girons I (1992) Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Leptospira spp. in clinical
samples. J Clin Microbiol 30(9):2219–2224
8. Gravekamp C, Van de Kemp H, Franzen M,
Carrington D, Schoone GJ, Van Eys GJ,
Everard CO, Hartskeerl RA, Terpstra WJ
(1993) Detection of seven species of pathogenic leptospires by PCR using two sets of
primers. J Gen Microbiol 139(8):1691–1700
9. Guernier V, Allan KJ, Goarant C (2018)
Advances and challenges in barcoding pathogenic and environmental Leptospira. Parasitology 145(SI5):595–607. https://doi.org/10.
1017/S0031182017001147
10. Thibeaux R, Iraola G, Ferre ´s I, Bierque E,
Girault D, Soupe ´-Gilbert ME, Picardeau M,
Goarant C (2018) Deciphering the unexplored
Leptospira diversity from soils uncovers genomic evolution to virulence. Microb Genom 4
(1):000144. https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.
0.000144
11. Thibeaux R, Girault D, Bierque E, Soupe ´-Gilbert ME, Rettinger A, Douyere A,
Meyer M, Iraola G, Picardeau M, Goarant C
(2018) Biodiversity of environmental Leptospira: improving identification and revisiting the
diagnosis. Front Microbiol 9:816. https://doi.
org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00816
12. Girault D, Soupe ´-Gilbert ME, Geroult S,
Colot J, Goarant C (2017) Isolation of Leptospira from blood culture bottles. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 88:17–19. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.01.014
Leptospira Isolation and Culture
9
1. Turner LH (1967) Leptospirosis. I. Trans R
Soc Trop Med Hyg 61(6):842–855
2. Inada R, Ido Y, Hoki R, Kaneko R, Ito H
(1916) The etiology, mode of infection and
specific therapy of Weil’s disease (Spirochaetosis Icterohaemorrhagica). J Exp Med 23
(3):377–402
3. Ellinghausen HC Jr, McCullough WG (1965)
Nutrition of Leptospira pomona and growth of
13 other serotypes: fractionation of oleic albumin complex and a medium of bovine albumin
and polysorbate 80. Am J Vet Res 26:45–51
4. Johnson RC, Harris VG (1967) Differentiation
of
pathogenic
and
saprophytic
Leptospires. I. Growth at low temperatures. J
Bacteriol 94(1):27–31
5. Johnson RC, Rogers P (1964) 5-Fluorouracil
as a selective agent for growth of Leptospirae. J
Bacteriol 87:422–426
6. Cousineau JG, McKiel JA (1961) In vitro sensitivity of Leptospira to various antimicrobial
agents. Can J Microbiol 7:751–758
7. Merien F, Amouriaux P, Perolat P, Baranton G,
Saint Girons I (1992) Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Leptospira spp. in clinical
samples. J Clin Microbiol 30(9):2219–2224
8. Gravekamp C, Van de Kemp H, Franzen M,
Carrington D, Schoone GJ, Van Eys GJ,
Everard CO, Hartskeerl RA, Terpstra WJ
(1993) Detection of seven species of pathogenic leptospires by PCR using two sets of
primers. J Gen Microbiol 139(8):1691–1700
9. Guernier V, Allan KJ, Goarant C (2018)
Advances and challenges in barcoding pathogenic and environmental Leptospira. Parasitology 145(SI5):595–607. https://doi.org/10.
1017/S0031182017001147
10. Thibeaux R, Iraola G, Ferre ´s I, Bierque E,
Girault D, Soupe ´-Gilbert ME, Picardeau M,
Goarant C (2018) Deciphering the unexplored
Leptospira diversity from soils uncovers genomic evolution to virulence. Microb Genom 4
(1):000144. https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.
0.000144
11. Thibeaux R, Girault D, Bierque E, Soupe ´-Gilbert ME, Rettinger A, Douyere A,
Meyer M, Iraola G, Picardeau M, Goarant C
(2018) Biodiversity of environmental Leptospira: improving identification and revisiting the
diagnosis. Front Microbiol 9:816. https://doi.
org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00816
12. Girault D, Soupe ´-Gilbert ME, Geroult S,
Colot J, Goarant C (2017) Isolation of Leptospira from blood culture bottles. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 88:17–19. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.01.014
Leptospira Isolation and Culture
9