7. Signal peptides have several hydrophobic amino acids, which
could cause the expression of proteins in their insoluble form.
This problem could be avoided by removing this sequence
before the cloning procedures.
Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by FAPESP (grant 2014/
50981-0 and 2016/11541-0), CNPq (grant 301229/2017-1),
and Fundac ¸a ˜o Butantan. Dr. A. Leyva (USA) provided English
editing of the manuscript.
References
1. Gruenheid S, Finlay BB (2003) Microbial
pathogenesis and cytoskeletal function. Nature
422:775–781
2. Khalili AA, Ahmad MR (2015) A review of cell
adhesion studies for biomedical and biological
applications. Int J Mol Sci 16:18149–18184
3. Pizarro-Cerda ´ J, Cossart P (2006) Bacterial
adhesion and entry into host cells. Cell
124:715–727
4. Frantz C, Stewart KM, Weaver VM (2010) The
extracellular matrix at a glance. J Cell Sci
123:4195–4200
5. J€ arvel€ ainen H, Sainio A, Koulu M, Wight TN,
Penttinen R (2009) Extracellular matrix molecules: potential targets in pharmacotherapy.
Pharmacol Rev 61:198–223
6. Schaefer L, Schaefer RM (2010) Proteoglycans: from structural compounds to signaling
molecules. Cell Tissue Res 339:237–246
7. Vieira ML, Fernandes LG, Domingos RF,
Oliveira R, Siqueira GH, Souza NM, Teixeira
AR, Atzingen MV, Nascimento AL (2014)
Leptospiral extracellular matrix adhesins as
mediators of pathogen-host interactions.
FEMS Microbiol Lett 352:129–139
8. Barbosa AS, Abreu PA, Neves FO, Atzingen
MV, Watanabe MM, Vieira ML, Morais ZM,
Vasconcellos SA, Nascimento AL (2006) A
newly identified leptospiral adhesin mediates
attachment to laminin. Infect Immun
74:6356–6364
9. Oliveira R, de Morais ZM, Gonc ¸ales AP,
Romero EC, Vasconcellos SA, Nascimento AL
(2011) Characterization of novel OmpA-like
protein of Leptospira interrogans that binds
extracellular matrix molecules and plasminogen. PLoS One 6:e21962
10. Fernandes LG, Vieira ML, Alves IJ, de Morais
ZM, Vasconcellos SA, Romero EC,
Nascimento AL (2014) Functional and immunological evaluation of two novel proteins of
Leptospira spp. Microbiology 160:149–164
11. Teixeira AF, de Morais ZM, Kirchgatter K,
Romero EC, Vasconcellos SA, Nascimento AL
(2015) Features of two new proteins with
OmpA-like domains identified in the genome
sequences of Leptospira interrogans. PLoS One
10:e0122762
12. Silva LP, Fernandes LG, Vieira ML, de Souza
GO, Heinemann MB, Vasconcellos SA,
Romero EC, Nascimento AL (2016) Evaluation of two novel leptospiral proteins for their
interaction with human host components.
Pathog Dis 74:ftw040
13. Pereira PRM, Fernandes LGV, de Souza GO,
Vasconcellos SA, Heinemann MB, Romero
EC, Nascimento ALTO (2017) Multifunctional and redundant roles of Leptospira interrogans proteins in bacterial-adhesion and fibrin
clotting inhibition. Int J Med Microbiol
307:297–310
14. Evangelista KV, Hahn B, Wunder EA, Ko AI,
Haake DA, Coburn J (2014) Identification of
cell-binding adhesins of Leptospira interrogans.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8:e3215
15. Hsieh CL, Tseng A, He H, Kuo CJ, Wang X,
Chang YF (2017) Immunoglobulin-like protein B interacts with the 20th exon of human
tropoelastin contributing to. Front Cell Infect
Microbiol 7:163
16. Lin YP, McDonough SP, Sharma Y, Chang YF
(2010) The terminal immunoglobulin-like
repeats of LigA and LigB of Leptospira
enhance their binding to gelatin binding
domain of fibronectin and host cells. PLoS
One 5:e11301
17. Stevenson B, Choy HA, Pinne M, Rotondi
ML, Miller MC, Demoll E, Kraiczy P, Cooley
184
Aline F. Teixeira and Ana L. T. O. Nascimento
could cause the expression of proteins in their insoluble form.
This problem could be avoided by removing this sequence
before the cloning procedures.
Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by FAPESP (grant 2014/
50981-0 and 2016/11541-0), CNPq (grant 301229/2017-1),
and Fundac ¸a ˜o Butantan. Dr. A. Leyva (USA) provided English
editing of the manuscript.
References
1. Gruenheid S, Finlay BB (2003) Microbial
pathogenesis and cytoskeletal function. Nature
422:775–781
2. Khalili AA, Ahmad MR (2015) A review of cell
adhesion studies for biomedical and biological
applications. Int J Mol Sci 16:18149–18184
3. Pizarro-Cerda ´ J, Cossart P (2006) Bacterial
adhesion and entry into host cells. Cell
124:715–727
4. Frantz C, Stewart KM, Weaver VM (2010) The
extracellular matrix at a glance. J Cell Sci
123:4195–4200
5. J€ arvel€ ainen H, Sainio A, Koulu M, Wight TN,
Penttinen R (2009) Extracellular matrix molecules: potential targets in pharmacotherapy.
Pharmacol Rev 61:198–223
6. Schaefer L, Schaefer RM (2010) Proteoglycans: from structural compounds to signaling
molecules. Cell Tissue Res 339:237–246
7. Vieira ML, Fernandes LG, Domingos RF,
Oliveira R, Siqueira GH, Souza NM, Teixeira
AR, Atzingen MV, Nascimento AL (2014)
Leptospiral extracellular matrix adhesins as
mediators of pathogen-host interactions.
FEMS Microbiol Lett 352:129–139
8. Barbosa AS, Abreu PA, Neves FO, Atzingen
MV, Watanabe MM, Vieira ML, Morais ZM,
Vasconcellos SA, Nascimento AL (2006) A
newly identified leptospiral adhesin mediates
attachment to laminin. Infect Immun
74:6356–6364
9. Oliveira R, de Morais ZM, Gonc ¸ales AP,
Romero EC, Vasconcellos SA, Nascimento AL
(2011) Characterization of novel OmpA-like
protein of Leptospira interrogans that binds
extracellular matrix molecules and plasminogen. PLoS One 6:e21962
10. Fernandes LG, Vieira ML, Alves IJ, de Morais
ZM, Vasconcellos SA, Romero EC,
Nascimento AL (2014) Functional and immunological evaluation of two novel proteins of
Leptospira spp. Microbiology 160:149–164
11. Teixeira AF, de Morais ZM, Kirchgatter K,
Romero EC, Vasconcellos SA, Nascimento AL
(2015) Features of two new proteins with
OmpA-like domains identified in the genome
sequences of Leptospira interrogans. PLoS One
10:e0122762
12. Silva LP, Fernandes LG, Vieira ML, de Souza
GO, Heinemann MB, Vasconcellos SA,
Romero EC, Nascimento AL (2016) Evaluation of two novel leptospiral proteins for their
interaction with human host components.
Pathog Dis 74:ftw040
13. Pereira PRM, Fernandes LGV, de Souza GO,
Vasconcellos SA, Heinemann MB, Romero
EC, Nascimento ALTO (2017) Multifunctional and redundant roles of Leptospira interrogans proteins in bacterial-adhesion and fibrin
clotting inhibition. Int J Med Microbiol
307:297–310
14. Evangelista KV, Hahn B, Wunder EA, Ko AI,
Haake DA, Coburn J (2014) Identification of
cell-binding adhesins of Leptospira interrogans.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8:e3215
15. Hsieh CL, Tseng A, He H, Kuo CJ, Wang X,
Chang YF (2017) Immunoglobulin-like protein B interacts with the 20th exon of human
tropoelastin contributing to. Front Cell Infect
Microbiol 7:163
16. Lin YP, McDonough SP, Sharma Y, Chang YF
(2010) The terminal immunoglobulin-like
repeats of LigA and LigB of Leptospira
enhance their binding to gelatin binding
domain of fibronectin and host cells. PLoS
One 5:e11301
17. Stevenson B, Choy HA, Pinne M, Rotondi
ML, Miller MC, Demoll E, Kraiczy P, Cooley
184
Aline F. Teixeira and Ana L. T. O. Nascimento